A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. |
| |
Authors: | M Harwood B Danielewska-Nikiel J F Borzelleca G W Flamm G M Williams T C Lines |
| |
Affiliation: | CANTOX Health Sciences International, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 308, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5N 2X7. mharwood@cantox.com |
| |
Abstract: | Quercetin is a naturally-occurring flavonol (a member of the flavonoid family of compounds) that has a long history of consumption as part of the normal human diet. Because a number of biological properties of quercetin may be beneficial to human health, interest in the addition of this flavonol to various traditional food products has been increasing. Prior to the use of quercetin in food applications that would increase intake beyond that from naturally-occurring levels of the flavonol in the typical Western diet, its safety needs to be established or confirmed. This review provides a critical examination of the scientific literature associated with the safety of quercetin. Results of numerous genotoxicity and mutagenicity, short- and long-term animal, and human studies are reviewed in the context of quercetin exposure in vivo. To reconcile results of in vitro studies, which consistently demonstrated quercetin-related mutagenicity to the absence of carcinogenicity in vivo, the mechanisms that lead to the apparent in vitro mutagenicity, and those that ensure absence of quercetin toxicity in vivo are discussed. The weight of the available evidence supports the safety of quercetin for addition to food. |
| |
Keywords: | ADI, acceptable daily intake AOM, azoxymethane BBN, N-nitroso-n-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)amine BF, bracken fern CO2, carbon dioxide COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase DMBA, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene ENNG, N-ethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine GPx, glutathione peroxidase GR, glutathione reductase GS, reactive thiyl radicals GSH, glutathione (reduced) GST, glutathione-S-transferase H2O2, hydrogen peroxide LC50, 50% lethal concentration LEC, Long-Evans Cinnamon MAM, methylazoxymethanol acetate MDA, malondialdehyde NADH, β-nicotinaide adenine dinucleotide NF-κB, nuclear factor κB NIDDK, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH, National Institutes of Health NMU, N-nitrosomethylurea NOx, nitrates plus nitrites NTP, National Toxicology Program ROS, reactive oxygen species SOD, superoxide dismutase SD, sulfer transferase t.i.d, three times daily TBARS, thiobarbituric acid TBHQ, tert- butylhydroquinone UDP-GT, UDP-glucuronsyl transferase |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|