Anesthetic management of massive endobronchial hemorrhage after pulmonary embolectomy

We report a case of massive endobronchial hemorrhage after pulmonary embolectomy. A 63-year-old woman underwent emergency pulmonary embolectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). During partial CPB, we found massive blood gushing out from the endotracheal tube. Approximately 2,000 ml of blood was aspirated in 10 minutes. To ensure adequate oxygenation, emergent percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system (PCPS) was started. After neutralization of heparin and the institution of 10 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure, the bleeding diminished. Institution of PCPS allows performance of unhurried bronchoscopy to identify the actual bleeding point and to lavage the airway. In addition to this management, we administrated steroids and neutrophil elastase inhibitor to stabilize pulmonary capillary membrane. Without complications, the patient was extubated 2 days after operation and the following course was uneventful. Immediate institution of PEEP and pharmacological interventions to reduce pulmonary blood pressure were beneficial in arresting hemorrhage. The bleeding begins usually at the time of discontinuation of CPB. We should recognize the possible occurrence of endobronchial bleeding after pulmonary embolectomy and prepare to protect the airway and to maintain oxygenation and cardiac function.