无精症及隐匿精子症患者染色体核型与Y染色体微缺失分析

目的 研究无精症和隐匿精子症染色体核型与Y染色体无精因子(azoospermia factor,AZF)微缺失的发生频率及其关系.方法 对997例无精症和隐匿精子症患者进行常规染色体核型分析及多重聚合酶链反应技术检测AZF位点.结果 在997例无精症和隐匿精子症患者中,染色体核型异常检出率28.4%,异常核型包括47,XXY、46,XY(Y＜G)、46,XX、嵌合体及相互易位等.AZF微缺失总检出率17.4%.常见于46,XY及46,XY(Y＜G)等核型.结论 染色体核型异常是无精症和隐匿精子症的重要遗传病因.正常核型与Y＜G患者中存在较高的AZF微缺失率,对这些患者进行AZF微缺失检查有助于明确病因,避免一些不必要的临床治疗及遗传缺陷的垂直传递.

Chromosome abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in patients with the azoospermia and cryptozoospermia

Objective To study the incidence of the chromosome abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in Chinese patients with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia. Methods Conventional chromosomal karyotyping was used to analyze the chromosome abnormalities. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR) analyses were performed using specific primers to confirm the presence or absence of Y chromosome microdeletions. A total of 997 patients with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia were enrolled in the study. Results The incidence of chromosome abnormalities in the patient with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia was 28.4%. The major abnormal karyotypes included 47, XXY, 46, XY (Y ＜ G), 46, XX, chimera and translocations. The incidence of the Y chromosome microdeletions was 17.4%. They were mainly found in the karyotypes of 46,XY and 46, XY (Y＜ G). Conclusion Chromosome abnormalities were the most common hereditary causes of the patients with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia. The incidence of Y chromosome microdeletion was higher in the patients with karyotype of 46 ,XY and 46 ,XY (Y＜G). Therefore, detection of the AZF microdeletion in these patients is helpful to determine the etiology and avoid the unnecessary treatment and vertical transmission of the genetic defects.