日本性别认同障碍的发展现状综述

性别认同障碍(gender identity disorder,GID),指对于自己的性别认同与生物解剖学上的性别不一致的情况,并且常伴随内心痛苦想要改变生物学上的性别,心理治疗对性别认同障碍的干预,即想要使患者的性别认同与生物性别一致的情况早已被证实无效,性别认同障碍的患者往往会选择荷尔蒙治疗甚至手术来使自己的生物性别与性别认同趋向一致。2013年5月美国《精神疾病诊断及统计手册》第五版(DSM-Ⅴ)将性别认同障碍修改为性别烦恼(gender dysphoria),不再认为性别认同问题是障碍或疾病,承认性别多样性的存在。本文从对日本性别认同障碍患者的一般调查研究数据,包括荷尔蒙疗法及性别转变手术在内的性别认同障碍的治疗以及生殖医疗三个方面来描述日本性别认同障碍目前的发展状况。

Review of the status and development of gender identity disorder in Japan

Gender Identity Disorder (GID) refers to the inconformity between gender identity and biological gender.Individuals with GID typically suffer from the inconformity and wants to change their biological gender.It is found useless to provide psychotherapy for such individuals which tries to unify their psychological and biological gender identity.Most choose to change their biological gender through feminize or masculinize therapy or even operation.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Ⅴ) published in 2013 changed gender dysphoria to gender dysphoria and admitted the diversity of gender identity.This article introduces the status and development of GID in Japan from three perspectives i.e.hormone therapy,sex reassignment surgery,and reproductive health.