What animal models have taught us about the treatment of acute stroke and brain protection |
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Authors: | Shah-Hinan Ahmed MD Arif Y Shaikh Zaib Y Shaikh MD Chung Y Hsu MD PhD |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8111, 63110 St. Louis, MO, USA |
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Abstract: | Stroke research has progressed in leaps and bounds in the past decades. A driving force is the increasing availability of
new research tools in this field (eg, animal stroke models). Animal stroke models have been extensively applied to advance our understanding of the mechanisms
of ischemic brain injury and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for reducing brain damage after a stroke. Animal stroke
models have been useful in characterizing the molecular cascades of injury processes. These “injury pathways” are also the
targets of therapeutic interventions. The major achievements made in the past 2 decades applying animal stroke models include
1) the identification of the mediator role of excitotoxin and oxygen free radicals in ischemic brain injury; 2) the confirmation
of apoptosis as a major mechanism of ischemic cell death; 3) the characterization of postischemic gene expression; 4) the
delineation of postischemic inflammatory reaction; 5) the application of transgenic mice to confirm the roles of purported
mediators in ischemic brain injury; 6) development of novel magnetic resonance imaging sequences for early noninvasive detection
of ischemic brain lesions; and, 7) the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on preclinical findings derived from
animal stroke models. |
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