Magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by superparamagnetic iron oxide particles: Usefulness for distinguishing between focused ultrasound‐induced blood–brain barrier disruption and brain hemorrhage |
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| Authors: | Hao‐Li Liu PhD Po‐Hong Hsu MSc Po‐Chun Chu BSc Yau‐Yau Wai MD Jin‐Chung Chen PhD Chia‐Rui Shen PhD Tzu‐Chen Yen MD PhD Jiun‐Jie Wang PhD |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang‐Gung University, Taiwan;2. Molecular Imaging Center, Chang‐Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan;3. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Intervention, Chang‐Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan;4. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang‐Gung University, Taiwan;5. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang‐Gung University, Taiwan;6. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang‐Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan;7. Department of Medical Image and Radiological Sciences, Chang‐Gung University, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Purpose To investigate the usefulness of a fully flow‐compensated heavy T2*‐weighted imaging enhanced by superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles for distinguishing between focused ultrasound‐induced disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB) and brain hemorrhage. Materials and Methods Focused ultrasound (frequency: 1.5 MHz) was used to induce disruption of the BBB in 39 rats. Two T2*‐weighted images were obtained before and after SPIO administration. Preenhanced T2*‐weighted images were used to detect hemorrhage. Detection of BBB disruption was performed on SPIO‐enhanced images. Thirty‐four rats were sacrificed after magnetic resonance (MR) scanning for histological confirmation of brain lesions. Theremaining five animals were followed up for 35 days. Prussian blue staining was performed on histological sections to detect SPIO particles in the brain. Results After SPIO injection the areas of BBB disruption in rat brain were significantly enlarged. The area of mismatch between the T2*‐weighted images indicated a safe region where BBB opening occurred without hemorrhagic complications. In the longitudinal study, removal of SPIO occurred at a faster rate in hemorrhagic areas, albeit being closer to that occurring in the liver. The presence of SPIO was confirmed by Prussian blue staining in brain parenchyma and capillary endothelial cells in areas of BBB disruption. Conclusion T2*‐weighted images—either with and without SPIO enhancement—may differentiate focused ultrasound‐induced BBB disruption from brain hemorrhage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:31–38. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
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| Keywords: | focused ultrasound blood‐brain barrier MRI SPIO hemorrhage |
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