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Neural correlates of pre‐attentive processing of pattern deviance in professional musicians
Authors:Benedikt Habermeyer  Marcus Herdener  Fabrizio Esposito  Caroline C. Hilti  Markus Klarhöfer  Francesco di Salle  Stephan Wetzel  Klaus Scheffler  Katja Cattapan‐Ludewig  Erich Seifritz
Affiliation:1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;2. The first two authors contributed equally to this study.;3. University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;4. Forensic‐Psychiatric Service, University of Bern, Switzerland;5. Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy;6. Department of Medical Radiology, MR‐Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;7. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands;8. Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;9. Department of Medical Radiology, Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;10. Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Abstract:Pre‐attentive registration of aberrations in predictable sound patterns is attributed to the temporal cortex. However, electrophysiology suggests that frontal areas become more important when deviance complexity increases. To play an instrument in an ensemble, professional musicians have to rely on the ability to detect even slight deviances from expected musical patterns and therefore have highly trained aural skills. Here, we aimed to identify the neural correlates of experience‐driven plasticity related to the processing of complex sound features. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in combination with an event‐related oddball paradigm and compared brain activity in professional musicians and non‐musicians during pre‐attentive processing of melodic contour variations. The melodic pattern consisted of a sequence of five tones each lasting 50 ms interrupted by silent interstimulus intervals of 50 ms. Compared to non‐musicians, the professional musicians showed enhanced activity in the left middle and superior temporal gyri, the left inferior frontal gyrus and in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to pattern deviation. This differential brain activity pattern was correlated with behaviorally tested musical aptitude. Our results thus support an experience‐related role of the left temporal cortex in fast melodic contour processing and suggest involvement of the prefrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Keywords:fMRI  musicians  deviance detection  auditory system  prefrontal cortex
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