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MRX93 syndrome (BRWD3 gene): five new patients with novel mutations |
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| Authors: | Jair Tenorio Pablo Alarcón Pedro Arias Feliciano J. Ramos Jaume Campistol Salvador Climent Sixto García-Miñaur Irene Dapía Alicia Hernández Julián Nevado Mario Solís Víctor L. Ruiz-Pérez The Sogri Consortium Pablo Lapunzina |
| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM Paseo de La Castellana, Madrid, Spain;2. Genetic Section, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;3. Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM Paseo de La Castellana, Madrid, Spain CIBERER, CIBERER, Center for Networking Biomedical Research of Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain;4. Clinical Genetics Unit, Service of Paediatrics, University Hospital “Lozano Blesa”, University of Zaragoza School of Medicine, Zaragoza, Spain;5. Neurology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu - Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain;6. Pediatrics Unit, Hospital General de Ontinyent, Valencia, Spain;7. CIBERER, CIBERER, Center for Networking Biomedical Research of Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain |
| Abstract: | Overgrowth syndromes (OGS) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders whose main characteristic is that either the weight, height, or head circumference are above the 97th centile or 2 to 3 SD above the mean for age and sex. Additional features, such as facial dysmorphism, developmental delay or intellectual disability (ID), congenital anomalies, neurological problems and an increased risk of neoplasia are usually associated with OGS. Genetic analysis in patients with overlapping clinical features is essential, to distinguish between two or more similar conditions, and to provide appropriate genetic counseling and recommendations for follow up. In the present paper, we report five new patients (from four unrelated families) with an X-linked mental retardation syndrome with overgrowth (XMR93 syndrome), also known as XLID-BRWD3-related syndrome. The main features of these patients include ID, macrocephaly and dysmorphic facial features. XMR93 syndrome is a recently described disorder caused by mutations in the Bromodomain and WD-repeat domain-containing protein 3 (BRWD3) gene. This article underscores the importance of genetic screening by exome sequencing for patients with OGS and ID with unclear clinical diagnosis, and expands the number of reported individuals with XMR93 syndrome, highlighting the clinical features of this unusual disease. |
| Keywords: | Bromodomain proteins BRWD3 epigenetic intellectual disability macrocephaly overgrowth X-linked disorder XMR93 syndrome |