Complex dietary polysaccharide modulates gut immune function and microbiota,and promotes protection from autoimmune diabetes |
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Authors: | Radhika Gudi Nicolas Perez Benjamin M Johnson M Hanief Sofi Robert Brown Songhua Quan Subha Karumuthil-Melethil Chenthamarakshan Vasu |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA;2. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA |
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Abstract: | The dietary supplement and prebiotic values of β-glucan-rich products have been widely recognized and dietary approaches for modulating autoimmunity have been increasingly explored, we assess the impact of oral administration of high-purity yeast β-glucan (YBG) on gut immune function, microbiota and type 1 diabetes (T1D) using mouse models. Oral administration of this non-digestible complex polysaccharide caused a dectin-1-dependent immune response involving increased expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the gut mucosa. YBG-exposed intestinal dendritic cells induced/expanded primarily Foxp3+, IL-10+ and IL-17+ T cells, ex vivo. Importantly, prolonged oral administration of low-dose YBG at pre-diabetic stage suppressed insulitis and significantly delayed the appearance of T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Further, prolonged treatment with YBG showed increased Foxp3+ T-cell frequencies, and a significant change in the gut microbiota, particularly an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a decrease in the Firmicute members. Oral administration of YBG, together with Raldh-substrate and β-cell antigen, resulted in better protection of NOD mice from T1D. These observations suggest that YBG not only has a prebiotic property, but also an oral tolerogenic-adjuvant-like effect, and these features could be exploited for modulating autoimmunity in T1D. |
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Keywords: | autoimmunity gut microbiota immune modulation immune regulation type 1 diabetes yeast β-glucan |
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