基于古代文献计量分析的经典名方温胆汤关键信息考证

通过系统整理、考证与分析记载温胆汤的古代文献，梳理温胆汤的历史发展源流，正确认识其方剂组成、主治病证、方义、剂量、药物炮制等关键问题，为经典名方开发与现代临床应用提供文献数据支持。采用文献计量学方法，搜集中医古籍中温胆汤的相关文献，共获取相关古代文献197条，涉及古代医籍84种。经分析与考证认为，温胆汤出自已佚方书南北朝姚僧垣《集验方》，其后唐代孙思邈抄录于《千金要方》中，由生姜、半夏、陈皮、枳实、竹茹、甘草6味药物组成。其主治病证在原方基础上有所拓展，主治失眠、心悸、怔忡、呕吐等病证，历代医家对于本方方义认识亦各不相同。温胆汤中药物除半夏用“姜半夏”、枳实为“麸炒”、甘草用“炒甘草”外，其余药物均用生品，具体炮制应遵从2020版《中国药典》。温胆汤参考用量为半夏10 g, 枳实10 g, 竹茹10 g，陈皮15 g，生姜20 g，甘草5 g。具体煎服法为“以水1 600 mL，煎取400 mL，分2次早晚餐后温服”。服用本方时，应避免服用生冷油腻刺激性食物及羊肉、海藻、菘菜、饴糖。 

A Textual Research on the Key Information of the Famous Classical Formula Wendan Decoction Based on Ancient Bibliometric Analysis

Through systematically collating, textual researching and analyzing ancient literatures on Wendan decoction, we sorted out the historical development of Wendan decoction and correctly understood the key issues of its formula composition, chief indications, formula meaning, dosage and drug processing, so as to provide literature data to support the development and modern clinical application of the famous classical formula. The bibliometric method was used to collect the literatures related to Wendan decoction in Chinese medical classics. Therefore, we obtained 197 relevant ancient literatures, involving 84 Chinese medical classics. After analysis and textual researching, it was concluded that Wendan decoction was derived from the lost medical formulary, Ji Yan Fang, written by Yao Sengyuan in the Northern and Southern dynasties. Then that formula, which was transcribed into the medical classics, Qian Jin Yao Fang, by Sun Simiao in the Tang dynasty, consisted of six medicines, namely, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Caulis Bambusae in Taenia, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae. Besides, its chief indications had been expanded, including insomnia, palpitations, severe palpitations and vomiting. However, the understanding of that formula meaning had varied from generation to generation. All the drugs in Wendan decoction are used in raw form, except for "Rhizoma Pinelliae processed in ginger juice", "Fructus Aurantii Immaturus fried with wheat bran" and "dry-fried Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae". The specific processed method is in accordance with the 2020 edition of the Chinese pharmacopoeia. The reference dosage of Wendan decoction is Rhizoma Pinelliae 10 g, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 10 g, Caulis Bambusae in Taenia 10 g, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 15 g, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 20 g and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae 5 g. In addition, the specific decoction method is decocting medicinal ingredients with 1 600 mL water and taking 400 mL decoction, which was then divided into two portions to be warmed and taken after breakfast and dinner". When taking this decoction, patients should avoid taking cold, greasy and stimulating foods in addition to mutton, seaweed, pakchoi seedling and cerealose.