Reliability of a Store Observation Tool in Measuring Availability of Alcohol and Selected Foods |
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Authors: | Deborah A Cohen Diane Schoeff Thomas A Farley Ricky Bluthenthal Richard Scribner Adrian Overton |
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Institution: | (1) RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA;(2) Department of Community Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA;(3) Urban Community Research Center, Department of Sociology, Carson, CA, USA;(4) LSU School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New Orleans, LA, USA |
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Abstract: | Alcohol and food items can compromise or contribute to health, depending on the quantity and frequency with which they are
consumed. How much people consume may be influenced by product availability and promotion in local retail stores. We developed
and tested an observational tool to objectively measure in-store availability and promotion of alcoholic beverages and selected
food items that have an impact on health. Trained observers visited 51 alcohol outlets in Los Angeles and southeastern Louisiana.
Using a standardized instrument, two independent observations were conducted documenting the type of outlet, the availability
and shelf space for alcoholic beverages and selected food items, the purchase price of standard brands, the placement of beer
and malt liquor, and the amount of in-store alcohol advertising. Reliability of the instrument was excellent for measures
of item availability, shelf space, and placement of malt liquor. Reliability was lower for alcohol advertising, beer placement,
and items that measured the “least price” of apples and oranges. The average kappa was 0.87 for categorical items and the
average intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.83 for continuous items. Overall, systematic observation of the availability
and promotion of alcoholic beverages and food items was feasible, acceptable, and reliable. Measurement tools such as the
one we evaluated should be useful in studies of the impact of availability of food and beverages on consumption and on health
outcomes. |
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Keywords: | Alcohol availability Alcohol outlets Price Shelf space |
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