泌尿外科住院患者医院感染的特征分析

目的 研究分析泌尿外科患者医院感染的临床特征,从而探讨有效地预防和控制对策.方法 以2009年10月-2012年12月期间在该院泌尿外科住院患者作为研究对象,将发生医院感染的68例患者作为观察组,按照1：2的比例再选取136例同期住院未感染患者作为对照组,对所有患者的临床治疗资料进行回顾性分析.对其感染部位、病原菌检查结果、医院感染发生率、对预后造成的影响、相关危险因素进行统计.结果 观察组68例发生医院感染的患者中,泌尿道感染42例、呼吸道感染1 8例、切口感染5例、胃肠道感染3例.其中感染典型表现和不典型表现分别为49例、19例,分别检出病原微生物、G-菌、G＋菌和真菌等病原菌.经过分析发现：患者年龄大、侵入性操作增多、合并基础性疾病、留置尿管时间长和住院时间长是引发泌尿外科患者发生医院感染的危险因素.对比两组患者的死亡率发现,观察组的死亡率高于对照组4.41％.结论 泌尿外科发生感染很难避免,但是及时采取有效措施加以应对能够降低感染的发生率.因此,需要根据患者情况因地制宜,尽量避免侵入性操作、缩短尿管留置时间和住院时间.

The Analysis of the Features of the Patients with Hospital Infection in Department of Urology

Objective TO study the clinical features of the patients with hospital infection in Department of Urology and effective measures for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods The patients treated in Department of Urology of our hospital from October, 2009 to December, 2012 were selected as the subjects. 68 patients with hospital infection were selected as the observation group, and other 136 patients without hospital infection were selected as the control group according to the ratio of 1 ： 2. The site of infection, pathogen test results, the incidence of hospital infection and the impact of hospital infection on prognosis, and relative risk factors were counted. Results There were 42 cases urinary tract infection,18 cases of respiratory tract infection, 5 cases of incision infection and 3 cases of gastrointestinal infection in the total 68 cases of the observation group. The typical and atypical manifestations of infection were 49 cases and 19 cases, respectively. Pathogenic microorganism, G-bacteria, G＋bacteria, fungi and other pathogens were detected. The risk factors to hospital infection were age, increased invasive operation, basic disease, indwelling catheter time and duration of hospitalization. Through the comparison of death rate between the two groups, it was found that the death rate of the observation group was 4.41% higher than that of the control group. Conclusion It is difficult to avoid the occurrence of infection in Department of Urology, but taking effective measures timely can reduce the incidence of infection. So in order to reduce the rate of infection, patients should be treated according to their conditions, invasive procedures should be avoided and the time of indwelling catheter and hospitalization should be shortened as far as possible.