阳江天然放射性高本底地区居民1979—1998年肺结核死亡危险分析

目的 探讨天然放射性高本底地区居民肺结核死亡危险.方法 建立一个包括89 694例暴露和35 385例非暴露的观察队列,采用队列研究方法,分阶段回顾性随访收集居民的死亡信息.将性别、到达年龄、随访年份和剂量率组（高、中、低和对照组）等作为分类变量计算人年列表,调整相应变量,计算高本底相对于对照地区各类传染病和寄生虫病,特别是肺结核的死亡相对危险（RR）.结果 高本底地区40岁以上4个年龄组（40～、50～、60～和≥70）居民的肺结核死亡危险均低于对照地区,RR值（95%CI）分别为0.75（0.42～1.34）、0.72（0.49～1.07）、0.71（0.53～0.95）和0.45（0.34～0.59）,其中60～和≥70年龄组两地区间的差异有统计学意义.各随访阶段均可观察到高本底地区居民肺结核死亡危险低于对照地区;两地区的肺结核死亡相对危险与累积剂量呈负向相关（P＜0.001）.肺结核死亡与受照剂量的超额相对危险ERR/Sv（95%CI）=-1.09（-1.34～-0.85）.在高本底的阳东和阳西两地区,不同诊断单位、不同年龄组及不同随访阶段的肺结核死亡危险在两地区一致.结论 高本底地区受低剂量电离辐射照射人群的肺结核死亡危险显著低于对照地区,且观察到了显著的剂量反应关系,这可能与高本底地区居民长期受低水平电离辐射全身照射导致的免疫功能增强有关.

Low risk of pulmonary tuberculosis of residents in high background radiation area, Yangjiang, China

Objective To examine the pulmonary tuberculosis mortality risk of the residents in high background radiation area (HBRA), Yangjiang, China. Methods A cohort including 89 694 persons in HBRA and 35 385 persons in control area (CA) has been established since 1979. Person-year tables based on classified variables including sex, attained age, follow-up calendar year, and dose-rate group (high, intermediate, and low in HBRA, and control group) were tabulated using DATAB in EPICURE. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the relative risks (RR) of infectious and parasitic disease especially for pulmonary tuberculosis. Cumulative dose for each cohort member was obtained. Results Two million person-years were accumulated by follow-up and 612 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis ascertained. Compared with risk in the control area, statistically significant lower risk of pulmonary tuberculosis was observed in HBRA among those who aged 60 years and over; markedly decreased risk occurred among males; no significant difference was found among the 6 follow-up stages, two subregions in the HBRA, or different diagnostic facilities. A statistically significantly negative dose-response was observed (P<0.001), the higher accumulative dose, the lower dose the pulmonary tuberculosis mortality risk. Its excess relative risk (ERR/Sv) was estimated to be -1.09 (95% CI: -1.34, -0.85). No established risk factors could explain this lower risk. Conclusions The mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis among residents in HBRA who were chronically exposed to low-dose radiation was statistically significantly lower than that in the control area, and a significant dose-response relationship was observed, which probably resulted from the immunoenhancement of low dose radiation. ;