产前保健服务利用的公平性调查分析

目的:探讨不同收入状况孕妇产前保健服务利用情况及公平性。方法:以1 685例不同收入水平孕妇为研究对象,利用五分组法测算孕早期检查率、产前检查总次数达标率和健卡率,不同收入状况孕妇各率的比较采用列联表χ2检验,用极差法(率差RD、率比RR)和集中指数(CI)进行产前保健服务利用的公平性比较。结果:在产前保健服务利用情况项目中,孕早期检查率、产前检查总次数达标率及建卡率在不同经济水平孕妇间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三项指标均随着经济水平的增高而呈现明显增加的趋势。三项指标中的RD均为负值,集中指数为正值。结论:年均经济收入高、经济状况好的孕妇首次接受孕早期检查率、产前检查总次数达标率及建卡率高于年均收入较低的孕妇,该地区不同经济状况孕妇产前保健服务利用方面存在不公平性。

Investigation and analysis on equity of prenatal health care service utilization

Objective:To explore the utilization and equity of prenatal health care service among pregnant women with different incomes.Methods:A total of 1 685 pregnant women with different incomes were selected as study objects,five grouping method was used to measure prenatal examination rate,target rate of total times of prenatal examination,and registration rate during the first trimester of pregnancy;then the results were compared by chi-square test;range method(rate difference and rate ratio) and concentration index(CI) were used to compare equity of prenatal health care service utilization.Results:Among items of prenatal health care service utilization,there were statistically significant differences in prenatal examination rate,target rate of total times of prenatal examination,and registration rate during the first trimester of pregnancy among pregnant women with different incomes(P<0.05),the three indexes showed obvious increasing trends with increase of economic level.Rate differences of three indexes were negative values,while CIs were positive values.Conclusion:The prenatal examination rate,target rate of total times of prenatal examination,and registration rate during the first trimester of pregnancy among pregnant women with high annual income and good economic state are higher than those among pregnant women with low annual income,inequity of prenatal health care service utilization exists among pregnant women with different incomes in the area.