Discussing prognosis with terminally ill cancer patients and relatives: A survey of physicians’ intentions in seven countries

Objective

To determine the extent to which physicians in different countries intend to inform terminal patients and relatives about prognosis, and to identify physician characteristics associated with an active approach to such discussions.

Methods

In the context of a European research project, a study on disclosing prognosis was conducted in seven countries. A written questionnaire with questions regarding hypothetical cases and actual practices was sent to physicians from specialties involved in the care of dying patients.

Results

10,139 questionnaires were studied. The response rate was greater than 50% in all countries except Italy (39%). The percentage of physicians who indicated that they would actively inform competent patients of their prognosis varied between countries from 52% in Italy to 99% in Sweden. For informing relatives of incompetent patients, rates were higher, ranging from 86% in Denmark to 98% in Australia. Younger physician age and training in palliative care were associated with an active intention to discuss prognosis.

Conclusion

Physicians’ intentions to discuss prognosis with patients and families vary largely across countries. Physician age and training in palliative care may also affect intentions.

Practice implications

Continuing training should focus on improving physicians’ ability to communicate responsibly about prognosis with patients and families.