寄宿制学校学生营养知识及饮食行为调查

目的 了解青海省藏区寄宿制中小学学生营养知识和行为现状，为开展中小学学生营养教育和健康促进工作提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法，对青海省贵南和海晏2个藏族自治县4所寄宿制中小学校的2 532名学生进行问卷调查。结果 了解营养素缺乏引起的后果、早餐要合理搭配和预防缺钙方法的学生<20%；知晓优质蛋白来源、营养对生长发育的益处、吃蔬菜和水果的好处、油炸食品的危害、预防贫血食品的学生<40%；初中生大部分问题的知晓率均高于小学生（均P<0.05）；营养知识主要来自于广播、电视856人（33.81%），来自教师777人（30.69%）；喜欢高盐食物1 865人（73.66%），不食用动物肝脏1 668人（65.88%）。结论 青海省藏区寄宿制学校中小学学生营养知识知晓率低，饮食行为存在误区，应加强饮食营养知识的宣传教育。

Nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors among primary and middle school students in boarding schools

Objective To examine the status of nutrition knowleged and related behaviors among primary and middle school students in boarding schools in Tibetan ethnic areas of Qinghai province and to provide evidences for nutrition education and health promotion in the students.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 532 primary and middle school students selected with stratified cluster random sampling from 4 Tibetan boarding schools in Guinan and Haiyan prefecture of Qinghai province.Results Among the students,less than 20% knew consequences of nutrient deficiency,reasonable collocation of breakfast and prevention methods of calcium deficiency and less than 40% knew the sources of high quality protein,benefits of adequet nutrition for growth and development,benefitial effects of consuming vegetables and fruits,hazards of eating fried food,and the food important for anemia prevention.The middle school students had higher knowlege rates for the most of nutrition-related iterms than the primary school students (P<0.05 for all).Of all the students,33.81%acquired nutrition knowledges through radio and television and 30.69%through lectures of their teachers; 73.66% reported preference of salty food and 65.88%did not eat animal liver.Conclusion Nutritional related knowledge is low and unhealthy dietary behaviors are prevalent among primary and middle school students in boarding schools in Tibetan ethnic areas of Qinghai province,indicating nutrition education and health promotion should be carried out in the students.