护士主观幸福感及其影响因素分析

目的探讨临床护士主观幸福感现状及其影响因素，为制定护理人员的健康心理指导提供参考。方法应用一般资料调查问卷、Campbell幸福感指数量表、领悟社会支持量表、一般自我效能感量表、自尊量表、简易应对方式问卷和生活定向测验修订版对291名在职护士进行匿名问卷调查。结果护士主观幸福感总均分为（10.75±1.94）分，社会支持为（65.55±9.86）分，自我效能为（2.50±0.53）分，自尊为（19.71±3.48）分，积极应对为（2.00±0.40）分，消极应对为（1.20±0.50）分，乐观倾向为（15.01±3.37）分；单因素分析表明，健康自评、月均收入、社会支持、积极应对、乐观倾向、自尊和自我效能感均为主观幸福感的可能影响因素（均P<0.05）；多元线性回归分析显示，社会支持、健康自评、乐观倾向、积极应对和月均收入均进入主观幸福感回归方程，共同解释主观幸福感总分的32.7%。结论临床护士主观幸福感总体状况较好，社会支持、健康自评、乐观倾向、积极应对和月均收入是护士主观幸福感的主要影响因素。

Subjective well-being and its influencing factors among nurses

ObjectiveTo investigate the subjective well-being (SWB) and its influencing factors among clinical nurses and to provide reference for mental health promotion in nursing staff.MethodsA General Information Questionnaire,the Campbell Subjective Well-Being Scale,Perceived Social Support Scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale,the Self-Esteem Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,and Revised Life Orientation Test were adopted to collect information in 291 on-the-job nurses.ResultsThe average score was 10.75±1.94 for overall SWB,65.55±9.86 for social support,2.50±0.53 for self-efficacy,19.71±3.48 for self-esteem,2.00±0.40 for positive coping,1.20±0.50 for negative coping,and 15.01±3.37 for optimistic tendency,respectively.The self-assessment of health,monthly income,social support,positive coping,optimistic tendency,self-esteem,and self-efficacy had significant positive correlations with SWB (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In regression analyses,variables of social support,self-assessment of health,optimistic tendency,positive coping,and monthly income entered the regression equation,and could explain 32.7% of the total SWB score.ConclusionThis study suggests that the SWB of clinical nurses is at a good level and social support,self-assessment of health,optimistic tendency,positive coping,and monthly income are significant influencing factors of SWB in the nurses.