兰州市学龄前儿童2001—2013年生长发育趋势分析

目的分析甘肃省兰州市城区学龄前儿童2001—2013年的体检资料，研究其生长发育变化趋势，为制定促进其健康成长策略提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，在兰州市城区不同功能区随机抽取67所幼儿园3~6岁儿童，以身高、体重为主要指标分析其变化趋势，以年龄别身高Z评分（HAZ）、年龄别体重Z评分（WAZ）和身高别体重Z评分（WHZ）筛查其生长迟缓、低体重、超重、消瘦和肥胖检出情况并分析变化趋势。结果2001—2013年兰州市城区学龄前儿童身高、体重总体随年龄增长而增长（P<0.05），男童身高、体重平均增幅（1.8 cm、2.4 kg）高于女童（1.3 cm、0.8 kg），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；13年间横向比较，各年龄组身高和体重差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；各年龄组WAZ、HAZ、WHZ评分差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；各年龄组超重及肥胖检出率（除3岁组）在各年份间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），并呈逐渐增加趋势。结论2001—2013年兰州市城区学龄前儿童生长发育变化明显，呈现快速增长趋势，生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦等在逐渐改善，但也出现超重、肥胖等新的体格发育问题。

Physical growth trend of 3 to 6 years old children in urban areas of Lanzhou city from 2001 to 2013

ObjectiveTo analyze the physical growth data of preschool children aged 3-6 years in urban areas of Lanzhou city from 2001 to 2013 and to study the physical growth trend of the children for making regional and domestic policy to improve the health of the children.MethodsThe children were selected from 67 kindergartens in different functional urban areas of Lanzhou.The changes of height and weight of the children during 13 years were studied.The change trend was analyzed using Z scores of height for age(WAZ), weight for age(HAZ), and weight for height(WHZ).ResultsThe height and weight of the children increased by age from 2001-2013(P<0.05).The average increments of height and weight of the boys(1.8 cm and 2.4 kg) were higher than those of the girls(1.3 cm and 0.8 kg),with significant differences(P<0.05 for all).The height and weight of the children of various age were significantly different at different periods during the 13 years,with significant differences(P<0.05 for all).The prelevance rates of overweight and obesity of the children of different age groups(except for the group of 3 years old) were significantly different(P<0.05) during the 13 years, with a yearly increase.ConclusionDuring the 13 years, the physical growth level of preschool children in urban areas of Lanzhou city increased rapidly,however,the prevalences of ouerweight and obesity also increased.