导师指导行为与研究生应对及心理健康关系

目的 了解应对方式在导师指导行为和研究生心理健康之间的关系，为提高研究生心理健康水平提供数据支持。方法 采用分层随机相结合的方法，按照全国六大行政区，在全国28所具有研究生培养资格的高校共1 274名在学研究生为调查对象，采用自编研究生对导师指导行为评价问卷、简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行调查。结果 研究生阶段压力最大事情依次为学习和科研（55.7%）、经济压力（18.0%）、工作选择（15.9%）；39.2%的研究生报告导师有时、经常或总是“根据自己利益决定研究生发表论文的署名”、23.8%的研究生报告“导师将自己的愤怒发泄到研究生身上等，导师指导行为被评价为不合理的频率高时，研究生心理健康水平低（r=0.344，P<0.01）；研究生采用积极应对方式时，心理健康水平高（r=-0.157，P<0.01）；导师指导行为对心理健康的直接效应有统计学意义（β=0.31），中介变量积极应对对心理健康的预测作用有统计学意义（β=-0.23），中介效应占总效应的比例为10.82%；消极应对对心理健康的预测作用有统计学意义（β=0.11），中介效应占总效应的比例为8.09%。结论 应对方式在导师指导行为和研究生心理健康之间起到部分中介作用；提高研究生采用积极应对策略意义重大。

Mediating effect of coping on relationship between tutors'guidance and mental health in postgraduates

Objective To explore the relationship between tutors'guidance and coping,mental health of the postgraduate and to provide a reference for improving postgraduates' mental health.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 274 postgraduates by using a self-designed Guiding Behavior Questionnaire，Simple Coping Style Questionnare(SCSQ)and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)in 28 universities in six administrative districts of China.Results The ratios of the postgraduates with the top three stressful events were 55.7%for learning and scientific research,18.0%for economic pressures and 15.9%for career selection.There were 39.2%of the tutors forcing the graduate students completely according to mentor's ideas for scientific research and 23.8%venting their anger on graduates based on the responses of the postgraduates.The tutors' guidance was significantly positively correlated with the score of SCL-90 and positive coping was negatively correlated with the score of SCL-90,while negative coping was positively correlated with the score of SCL-90 of the postgraduates.The guide behavior had direct effect on mental health(β=0.31)of the postgraduates.The positive coping of the postgraduates showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between tutors' guidance and mental health of the postgraduates(β=-0.23),with a rate of mediation effect of 10.82%,while the negative coping showed a partial mediating effect(β=0.11),with a rate of mediation effect of 8.09%.Conclusion The coping style of postgraduate may be a partial mediating variable for the association between tutors' guidance and mental health of postgraduates and the development of positive coping style is very significant for the postgraduates.