食品中硼含量测定与居民硼摄入量评估

目的 检测广东省广州市市售常见食品中的硼含量并评估居民硼的膳食摄入量。方法 于2010—2012年在广州市采集113种共687份食品,采用姜黄素分光光度法测定硼含量,结合居民膳食调查数据计算居民硼膳食摄入量。结果 不同食品硼含量差异较大,豆类硼含量为(18.69±10.27)mg/kg,坚果为(10.95±7.49) mg/kg,水果为(1.34±7.26) mg/kg,蔬菜为(1.24±0.91) mg/kg,奶、鱼、肉以及大多数的谷物含硼较少;加工食品硼含量基本与其原料硼含量一致,但有2份肉丸硼含量高达58.12和66.92 mg/kg,1份碱水粽硼含量为2.65 mg/kg;全国及广州市居民膳食中硼的日均摄入量分别为1.32 和1.71 mg,主要食物来源分别为蔬菜及其制品,分别占25.76%及21.64%,禽畜肉类及其制品分别占22.73%及33.33%,大米及其制品分别占12.12%及13.45%,豆类及其制品分别占8.33%及12.92%。结论 各类食品硼含量顺序大概为:豆类>坚果类>水果类>蔬菜类>谷类>动物性食品;个别加工食品存在违法添加硼砂(硼酸)的可能;居民日硼摄入量在WHO推荐成人日摄入硼的安全范围内,但大量摄入违法添加硼的食物可增加危害风险。

Determination of boron content in foods and assessment of dietary boron intake of habitants in Guangzhou city

Objective To detect boron concentrations in foods and to estimate dietary boron intake in residents of Guangzhou city.Methods Totally 687 samples of 113 kinds of food available from markets in Guangzhou city were collected from 2010 to 2012 and the concentration of boron in the samples was detected with curcumin spectrophotometric method.The dietary boron intakes in habitants of Guangzhou city were also estimated combined with the data from the survey on status of nutrition in the residents.Results The concentration of boron varies in different foodstuffs,and bean(18.6±10.27 mg/kg),nut(10.95±7.49 mg/kg),fruits(1.34±7.26 mg/kg),vegetables(1.24±0.91 mg/kg) are more rich in boron than cereal and animal foods.The boron content of most products was similar to their raw materials,but two meat ball samples was up to 58.12 and 66.92 mg/kg and one rice dumpling was only 2.65 mg/kg.The average daily dietary boron intake for Chinese and Guangzhou habitants was 1.32 mg and 1.71 mg.The main sources of boron are vegetables and its products(25.76% and 21.64%),meat and its products(22.73% and 33.33%),rice and its products(12.12% and 13.45%),and bean and its products(8.33% and 12.92%).Conclusion The rank of boron concentration in foods from high to low is bean,nuts,fruits,vegetables,animal foods,and cereal.Some of the foods may be added with borax or boric acid unlawfully.The average daily intake of boron from dietary consumption for habitants is within the safe range recommed by World Health Organization,but it will increase hazard to health if people eat too much food with illegal boron additive.