肺结核患者社会歧视现状及影响因素分析

目的了解山东省肺结核患者受歧视状况及其影响因素，为采取有效措施减少社会歧视提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，抽取临沂、威海及济南地区的36个乡镇，对每个乡镇于2010年6月—2012年5月登记的720例肺结核患者进行问卷调查。结果调查对象受歧视平均分为（23.38±4.846）分，得分为9~17分的占8.3%，18~26分的占64.4%，27~36分的占27.2%；单因素分析显示，受教育程度、婚姻状况、病情、年龄、家庭人口数、地区会影响患者受歧视情况；多因素logistic回归分析结果表明，女性、年龄≥25岁是社会歧视的危险因素；病情较轻、家庭人口数≥3人和威海地区是社会歧视的保护因素。结论肺结核患者受社会歧视的现象较为普遍，患者的性别、年龄、病情状况、家庭人口数、地区是其社会歧视的主要影响因素。

Social discrimination to tuberculosis patients and its influencing factors

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and influencing factors of social discrimination to tuberculosis patients for making effective intervention to reduce the discrimination.MethodsTotally 720 tuberculosis patients registered from June 1,2010 to May 30,2012 were selected to conduct a face-to-face survey to collect relevant information.ResultsThe patients assigned an overall score of 23.38 ± 4.846 for being discriminated and the proportion of the patients assigning the score of 9-17,18-26,and 27-36 were 8.3%,64.4%,and 27.2%,respectively.Univariate analyses showed that education level,marital status,disease condition,age,and family size affected patient-perceived discrimination score.Logistic regression analyses showed that female and older age were risk factors of the discrimination,but mild disease condition,large family size were protective factors of the discrimination.ConclusionTuberculosis patients face serious social discrimination and gender,age,illness status,and family size are main influencing factors of social discrimination to tuberculosis patients.