德格县2007—2012年动物间鼠疫流行病学调查

目的了解四川省德格县鼠疫疫源地2007—2012年动物间鼠疫流行特点，为鼠疫防治提供科学依据。方法采集2007—2012年四川省德格县更庆、柯洛洞、龚亚、汪布顶、八帮、阿须6个乡镇喜马拉雅旱獭、牧犬标本和牧犬、旱獭血清及其体表的蚤、硬蜱等媒介昆虫，分析宿主密度、对宿主进行鼠疫细菌学、血清学检测，鉴定媒介生物种类及优势物种，分析宿主染蚤率和蚤指数。结果2007—2012年德格县喜马拉雅旱獭的平均密度为0.12匹/hm²；共分离鉴定鼠疫菌29株，活体喜马拉雅旱獭的分菌率为0.37%，自毙喜马拉雅旱獭的分菌率为28.72%；喜马拉雅旱獭血清阳性率为0.92%，牧犬血清阳性率为6.71%；共梳獭557匹，其中346匹旱獭感染蚤类，活体喜马拉雅旱獭染蚤率为62.12%；从346匹旱獭体表检获3 107匹跳蚤，隶属于3科7属7种，其中斧型盖蚤和谢氏山蚤为优势种，旱獭蚤指数为5.58。结论四川省德格县鼠疫自然疫源地近年动物间鼠疫处在活跃期，应加强对主要宿主进行密度监测和带菌检测，防治鼠疫暴发。

Prevalence of plague among host animals in Dege county of Sichuan province,2007-2012

ObjectiveTo investigate epidemic feature and prevalent trend of plague among host animals from 2007 to 2012 in Dege county for prevention and treatment of plague.MethodsThe hosts were sampled through a joint surveillance system covering the county,and pathogen culture and serology test were also performed.Moreover,the vector insects were determined.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2012,29 Y.Pestis strains were isolated from marmots,with a density of 0.12 individual/ha.The detection rate of the bacteria was 0.37%for live marmots and 28.72%for dead marmots.Serum positive rate of marmots was 0.92%and that of the shepherd was 6.71%.We captured 3 107 fleas from 346 marmots,and the sampled fleas belonged to 7 species,7 genera and 3 families.The infected rate of the flea was 62.12%,and the flea index was 5.58.ConclusionThe animal plague in Dege county was prevalent from 2007 to 2012,and more attention should be taken to monitor plague epidemiology among the hosts in order to prevnt human plague epidemic.