| 摘 要： | Objective To discover the anatomical basis of retroperitoneoscopic surgery. Methods Twenty Chinese adult cadavers including 12 men and 8 women were anatomized. The relationship between nerves, vessels of the lateral abdominal wall, retroperitoneal structures and the path of retroperitoneoscopic surgery were measured. Results In male cadavers, the distance between the iliac crest and trigonum lumbale was 4.02±1.26 cm on the left, and 3.83 ± 0.90 cm on the right. The distance between the iliac crest and iliohypogastricus nerve was 0.82 ± 0.13 cm on the left and 0.84±0.08 cm on the right. The distance between the subcostal nerve and Ⅻ rib in the posterior axillary line and midaxillary line was 0.79 ±0.26 cm,1.65± 1.12 cm on the left and 0.78 ± 0.30 cm, 1.59 ± 1.07 cm on the right respectively. The distance between the ureter of inferior pole of kidney and extra-border of psoas was 2.24 ± 0.67 cm on the left and 2.19 ± 0.73 cm on the right. The distance between crossing of the ureter and iliac ve
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