5 307例新生儿眼底筛查结果及眼底疾病相关因素分析

目的：探讨5 307例新生儿眼底筛查结果及眼底疾病的相关因素。

方法：选取2022-01/12在我院眼科进行眼底筛查的新生儿5 307例，采用RetCam Ⅲ系统进行眼底检查，记录眼底异常情况，分析足月儿发生视网膜出血和早产儿发生早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的影响因素。

结果：纳入新生儿眼部异常发生率为27.17%，其中视网膜出血发生率最高(61.23%)，其次为视网膜渗出(22.95%)、ROP和ROP样视网膜病变(10.68%)，牵牛花综合征(0.21%)、白化病性眼底(0.21%)和永存胚胎血管(PFV)(0.28%)发生率较低。足月儿眼部异常发生率低于早产儿(26.30% vs 30.08%，P<0.05)，足月儿视网膜出血、视网膜渗出发生率均高于早产儿(P<0.05)，早产儿ROP和ROP样视网膜病变发生率高于足月儿(P<0.05)。顺产是足月儿发生视网膜出血的危险因素(P<0.05)。胎龄(32-34、30-31周)、出生体质量(1 500-2 499、<1 500 g)、奶粉喂养、吸氧是早产儿发生ROP的危险因素(均P<0.05)。

结论：本院新生儿眼部异常发生率较高，通过眼底筛查可及早发现新生儿眼部异常。

Fundus screening results and related factors of fundus diseases in 5 307 newborns

AIM: To explore the results of fundus screening in 5 307 newborns and the related factors of fundus diseases.

METHODS: A total of 5 307 newborns who underwent fundus screening in our ophthalmology department from January to December 2022 were selected. RetCam III system was used for fundus examination, and abnormal fundus conditions were recorded. The influencing factors of retinal hemorrhage in full-term infants and retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in preterm infants were analyzed.

RESULTS: The incidence of ocular abnormalities in newborns was 27.17%, with the highest incidence of retinal hemorrhage(61.23%), followed by retinal exudation(22.95%), ROP and ROP like retinopathy(10.68%). The incidence of morning glory syndrome(0.21%), albino fundus(0.21%), and permanent fetal vasculature(PFV; 0.28%)was lower. The incidence of eye abnormalities in full-term infants was lower than that in preterm infants(26.30% vs 30.08%, P<0.05), and the incidence of retinal hemorrhage and exudation in full-term infants was higher than that in preterm infants(P<0.05). The incidence of ROP and ROP like retinopathy in preterm infants was higher than that in full-term infants(P<0.05). Natural delivery is a risk factor for retinal hemorrhage in full-term infants(P<0.05). Fetal age(32-34, 30-31 wk), birth weight(1 500-2 499, <1 500 g), milk powder feeding, and oxygen inhalation are risk factors for ROP in premature infants(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The incidence of eye abnormalities in newborns at our hospital is relatively high, and early detection of eye abnormalities in newborns can be achieved through fundus screening.