Molecular genetic identification of skeletal remains from the Second World War Konfin I mass grave in Slovenia |
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Authors: | Irena Zupanič Pajnič Barbara Gornjak Pogorelc Jože Balažic |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia |
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Abstract: | This paper describes molecular genetic identification of one third of the skeletal remains of 88 victims of postwar (June
1945) killings found in the Konfin I mass grave in Slovenia. Living relatives were traced for 36 victims. We analyzed 84 right
femurs and compared their genetic profiles to the genetic material of living relatives. We cleaned the bones, removed surface
contamination, and ground the bones into powder. Prior to DNA isolation using Biorobot EZ1 (Qiagen), the powder was decalcified.
The nuclear DNA of the samples was quantified using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. We extracted 0.8 to 100 ng DNA/g
of bone powder from 82 bones. Autosomal genetic profiles and Y-chromosome haplotypes were obtained from 98% of the bones,
and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes from 95% of the bones for the HVI region and from 98% of the bones for the HVII region.
Genetic profiles of the nuclear and mtDNA were determined for reference persons. For traceability in the event of contamination,
we created an elimination database including genetic profiles of the nuclear and mtDNA of all persons that had been in contact
with the skeletal remains. When comparing genetic profiles, we matched 28 of the 84 bones analyzed with living relatives (brothers,
sisters, sons, daughters, nephews, or cousins). The statistical analyses showed a high confidence of correct identification
for all 28 victims in the Konfin I mass grave (posterior probability ranged from 99.9% to more than 99.999999%). |
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