甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体检测的临床意义

甲状腺过氧化物酶表达于甲状腺滤泡细胞表面,主要参与甲状腺激素的合成与释放,并与细胞介导的细胞毒效应有关.甲状腺过氧化物酶能诱导机体产生高亲和力的IgG抗体(TPOAb)与甲状腺过氧化物酶特异的T淋巴细胞,分别参与甲状腺的浸润与破坏.TPOAb定量检测最常用的方法为酶联免疫吸附法.与TPOAb相关的疾病包括恶性贫血、结缔组织病、糖尿病、炎症性肠病、情感障碍以及一些妇产科疾病如流产、不孕、体外受精失败、早产、产后甲状腺炎等.正确认识TPOAb检测的指征,如对甲状腺肿以及Graves病或桥本甲状腺炎等自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断、预测亚临床甲状腺疾病发生甲状腺功能减退症的风险等具有十分重要的临床意义.

Clinical implication of thyroid peroxidase antibody detection

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) , originally described as thyroid microsomal antigen, is present on the apical surface of thyroid follicular cells and is an antigen involved in cell mediated cytotoxicity. TPO evokes high-affinity, IgG-class autoantibodies (TPOAbs) and TPO-specific T cells that are markers of thyroid infiltration or implicated in thyroid destruction, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is used most frequently for TPOAb detection and quantification. The other conditions associated with TPOAbs include pernicious anemia, connective tissue disorders, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, mood disorders, and fertility-related problems such as miscarriage, infertility, in vitro fertilization failure, pre-term delivery, and postpartum thyroiditis. The detection of TPOAhs is recommended in the investigation of goitre, diagnosis of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and the prediction of risk of developing hypothyroidism during subclinical thyroid disease.