| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;4. Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;5. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | IntroductionMany people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) suffer from concomitant depression or anxiety. Whether MCI increases the risk of future depression or anxiety is unknown.MethodsIn the Rotterdam Study, cross-sectional (n = 4168) and longitudinal associations (n = 2967) of MCI with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—depressive and anxiety disorders—were assessed (2002–2005 to 2009–2011).ResultsAt baseline, 413 persons had MCI; 125 (22 MCI and 103 non-MCI) had a depressive disorder and 330 had an anxiety disorder (46 MCI and 284 non-MCI). In longitudinal depression analysis, of the 212 persons with prevalent MCI, 6 (2.8%) developed depression compared with 29 (1%) in the nonexposed group. In longitudinal anxiety analysis, 11 (7.3%) of the 151 with prevalent MCI developed anxiety, compared with 75 (3.4%) in nonexposed group. Persons with MCI had more depressive and anxiety disorders and also a higher risk of developing depressive disorder, odds ratio (OR) 3.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26, 7.77), and anxiety disorder, OR 2.59 (95% CI: 1.31, 5.12).DiscussionMCI is a risk factor for dementia and for depressive and anxiety disorders, suggesting common pathological pathways for cognitive and psychiatric outcomes. |
