Delirium: An Independent Predictor of Functional Decline After Cardiac Surgery |
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Authors: | James L. Rudolph MD SM Sharon K. Inouye MD MPH Richard N. Jones ScD Frances M. Yang PhD Tamara G. Fong MD PhD Sue E. Levkoff ScD SM MSW Edward R. Marcantonio MD SM |
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Affiliation: | 1. From the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts;2. Division of Aging;3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;4. Aging Brain Center;5. Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts;6. Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.;7. Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;8. Neurology;9. Divisions of General Medicine;10. Primary Care and Departments of |
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Abstract: | OBJECTIVES: To determine whether patients who developed delirium after cardiac surgery were at risk of functional decline. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two academic hospitals and a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred ninety patients aged 60 and older undergoing elective or urgent cardiac surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Delirium was assessed daily and was diagnosed according to the Confusion Assessment Method. Before surgery and 1 and 12 months postoperatively, patients were assessed for function using the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale. Functional decline was defined as a decrease in ability to perform one IADL at follow‐up. RESULTS: Delirium occurred in 43.1% (n=82) of the patients (mean age 73.7±6.7). Functional decline occurred in 36.3% (n=65/179) at 1 month and in 14.6% (n=26/178) at 12 months. Delirium was associated with greater risk of functional decline at 1 month (relative risk (RR)=1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.3–2.8) and tended toward greater risk at 12 months (RR=1.9, 95% CI=0.9–3.8). After adjustment for age, cognition, comorbidity, and baseline function, delirium remained significantly associated with functional decline at 1 month (adjusted RR=1.8, 95% CI=1.2–2.6) but not at 12 months (adjusted RR=1.5, 95% CI=0.6–3.3). CONCLUSION: Delirium was independently associated with functional decline at 1 month and had a trend toward association at 12 months. These findings provide justification for intervention trials to evaluate whether delirium prevention or treatment strategies might improve postoperative functional recovery. |
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Keywords: | delirium function cardiac surgery aged instrumental activities of daily living |
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