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Age-, sex-, and diagnosis-specific incidence rate of medically certified long-term sick leave among private sector employees: The Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health (J-ECOH) study
Authors:Chihiro Nishiura  Akiko Nanri  Ikuko Kashino  Ai Hori  Chihiro Kinugawa  Motoki Endo  Noritada Kato  Aki Tomizawa  Akihiko Uehara  Makoto Yamamoto  Tohru Nakagawa  Shuichiro Yamamoto  Toru Honda  Teppei Imai  Akiko Okino  Toshiaki Miyamoto  Naoko Sasaki  Kentaro Tomita  Seitaro Dohi
Affiliation:1. Department of Safety and Health, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women''s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan;4. Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan;5. Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan;6. Yamaha Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan;7. Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan;8. Azbil Corporation, Tokyo, Japan;9. Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Kimitsu Works, Chiba, Japan;10. Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan;11. Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan;12. All Japan Labour Welfare Foundation, Tokyo, Japan;13. Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan;14. Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan;15. Mizue Medical Clinic, Keihin Occupational Health Center, Kanagawa, Japan;p. National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
Abstract:

Background

Long-term sick-leave is a major public health problem, but data on its incidence in Japan are scarce. We aimed to present reference data for long-term sick-leave among private sector employees in Japan.

Methods

The study population comprised employees of 12 companies that participated in the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. Details on medically certified sick-leave lasting ≥30 days were collected from each company. Age- and sex-specific incidence rate of sick-leave was calculated for the period of April 2012 to March 2014.

Results

A total of 1422 spells in men and 289 in women occurred during 162,989 and 30,645 person-years of observation, respectively. The three leading causes of sick-leave (percentage of total spells) were mental disorders (52%), neoplasms (12%), and injury (8%) for men; and mental disorders (35%), neoplasms (20%), and pregnancy-related disease (14%) for women. Incidence rate of sick-leave due to mental disorders was relatively high among men in their 20s–40s but tended to decrease with age among women. Incidence rate of sick-leave due to neoplasms started to increase after age 50 in men and after age 40 in women, making neoplasms the leading cause of sick-leave after age 50 for women and after age 60 for men and the second leading cause after age 40 for women and after age 50 for men. Pregnancy-related disease was the second leading cause of sick-leave among women aged 20–39 years.

Conclusions

These results suggest that mental disorder, neoplasms, and pregnancy-related disease are the major causes of long-term sick-leave among private sector employees in Japan.
Keywords:Incidence  Mental disorders  Neoplasms  Occupational health  Sick leave
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