郴州市城区12～14岁学生心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的了解郴州市城区12～14岁学生心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用横断面研究,通过整群随机抽样,用焦虑量表和抑郁量表于2007年4月对郴州市城区3所学校2042名12～14岁学生心理健康状况进行评定。结果学生焦虑均分为(44.13±9.07)分、抑郁均分为(50.79±8.95)分;男生焦虑和抑郁得分低于女生(P0.05);不同年龄学生焦虑和抑郁得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);来自单亲家庭的学生有较高的焦虑和抑郁得分(P0.05);独生子女学生焦虑和抑郁得分低于非独生子女学生(P0.05);多元逐步回归分析结果表明:焦虑得分与母亲文化程度呈负相关,与学生青春期发育呈正相关;抑郁得分与父亲文化程度呈负相关,与学生是否是独生子女和性别呈正相关。结论青少年心理健康受多种因素影响,应采取针对性措施改善青少年心理健康状况。

Psychological Health Status of Students Aged Between 12 and 14 Years and Its Affecting Factors in Urban Areas of Chenzhou

Objective To investigate the psychological health status of students aged between 12 and 14 years and its affecting factors in the urban areas of Chenzhou.Methods With cross-sectional design and using cluster sampling randomly,a total of 2,042 students aged between 12 and 14 years selected from 3 schools in Chenzhou were valuated by Self Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self Rating Depression Scale （SDS） in April,2007.Results The scores of SAS and SDS for students were （44.13±9.07） and （50.79±8.95）,respectively.Boys’ scores of SAS and SDS were lower than those of girls （P0.05）.There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of SAS and SDS among the students with different ages （P0.05）.The students from single parent family had higher scores of SAS and SDS （P0.05）.The studentsfrom the one-child family had lower scores of SAS and SDS than those of the students from multi-child family （P0.05）.In multiply stepwise regression model,SAS was negatively related to mother’s educational level and positively related to whether boys with spermatorrhea or girls with menstruation.SDS was negatively correlated with father’s educational level and positively correlated with whether the student from one-child family and student’s gender.Conclusions The psychological well-being of junior middle school students is affected by different factors.Comprehensive countermeasures should be taken to improve psychological well-being of junior middle school students.