糖尿病与肿瘤

糖尿病与肿瘤是密切相关的慢性疾病。流行病学研究表明，糖尿病患者不仅罹患胰腺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和尿道癌等肿瘤的风险增高，且其死亡风险也相应增加。胰岛素在新陈代谢和有丝分裂中起重要作用。在肿瘤发生发展中，胰岛素可通过受体和受体后水平活化机制发挥作用，故高胰岛素血症是最可能导致糖尿病患者发生肿瘤的危险因素。此外，降糖药物、肥胖、高血糖症和氧化应激也可能是糖尿病患者肿瘤危险性增高的因素。

Diabetes and cancer

Diabetes and cancer, two heterogeneous multifactorial severe chronic diseases, are closely related. Epidemiological studies clearly indicate that diabetics have an increased risk and mortality of several cancers, including cancers of the pancreas,liver, breast, colorectum and urinary tract. Insulin is a growth factor with preeminent metabolic and mitogenic effects and functions at both receptor and post-receptor level during cancer development. As a result,hyperinsulinemia is the most likely cause of cancers among diabetic patients. However, anti-diabetic drugs, obesity, hyperglycemia, and increased oxidative stress may also contribute to the increased cancer risk among diabetics.