The biological properties of E6 and E7 oncoproteins from human papillomaviruses |
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Authors: | Raffaella Ghittoni Rosita Accardi Uzma Hasan Tarik Gheit Bakary Sylla Massimo Tommasino |
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Institution: | 1.Infections and Cancer Biology Group,International Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon,France;2.INSERM U851 Faculté de Médecine,Lyon Sud,Pierre Bénite,France |
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Abstract: | More than 100 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been isolated so far, and they can be sub-grouped in cutaneous
or mucosal according to their ability to infect the skin or the mucosa of the genital or upper-respiratory tracts. A sub-group
of human mucosal HPVs, referred to as high-risk HPV types, is responsible for approximately 5% of all human cancers, which
represents one-third of all the tumours induced by viruses. Epidemiological and biological studies have shown that HPV16 is
the most oncogenic type within the high-risk group. Emerging lines of evidence suggest that, in addition to the high-risk
mucosal HPV types, certain cutaneous HPVs are involved in skin cancer. HPV-associated cancers are intimately linked to HPV
persistence and the accumulation of chromosomal rearrangements. The products of the early genes, E6 and E7, of the high-risk
mucosal HPV types play a key role in both events. Indeed, these proteins have developed a number of strategies to evade host
immuno-surveillance allowing viral persistence, and to alter cell cycle and apoptosis control, facilitating the accumulation
of DNA damage/mutations. Often, the two oncoproteins target the same cellular pathways with different mechanisms, showing
a strong synergism in promoting cellular transformation and neutralizing the immune response. Here, we review most of the
findings on the biological properties and molecular mechanisms of the oncoproteins E6 and E7 from mucosal and cutaneous HPV
types. |
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