重庆市沙坪坝区学龄前儿童二类疫苗接种情况及影响因素调查

目的 了解重庆市沙坪坝区0-6岁学龄前儿童二类疫苗接种情况及影响因素。方法 采用分层抽样抽取沙坪坝区26个街镇的1820名2008年-2014年出生的儿童,从儿童预防接种卡收集疫苗接种情况。采用分层抽样从全区25个接种门诊预防接种卡上抽取250张卡片上的家长进行问卷调查,了解家庭基本情况。用EpiData3.1软件建立数据库,采用SPSS21.0进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 沙坪坝区学龄前儿童二类疫苗接种率为92.97%。水痘疫苗全程接种率最高（76.28%）,轮状病毒疫苗全程接种率最低（0.13%）。其他无一类苗替代的接种率较低的二类疫苗还有四联疫苗（0.48%）、7价肺炎疫苗（0.62%）及五联疫苗（3.46%）。本区儿童与流动儿童接种率差异有统计学意义（t=8.317,P<0.001）。影响因素分析显示,不同出生地点影响二类疫苗接种率（OR=2.986,OR95%CI：1.008-8.746,P= 0.048）。结论 重庆市沙坪坝区学龄前儿童二类疫苗不同品种之间的接种率差异较大,应宣传选择医院接生,并加强流动儿童的疫苗接种管理。

Status and influence factors of sategory B vaccine coverage rate among preschool children in Shapingba district of Chongqing

Objective :To understand the vaccination situation on the category B vaccine and its influencing factors in 0 to 6 years old preschool children from Shapingba District, Chongqing. Methods :1820 children who were born between 2008 and 2014 from the 26 streets and towns in Shapingba District were selected using Stratified sampling method and the vaccination data was collected from the children vaccination cards. The questionnaire survey on basic situation of families involved 250 parents of children of all ages who were selected with stratified sampling method. Build database with EpiData 3.1 software, mono-and multi-factor logistic regression analysis were analyzed with SPSS 12.0. Results The category B vaccine coverage in preschool children of Shapingba District was 92.97%.The vaccine with highest whole course vaccination rate was varicella vaccine (76.28%) and the one with lowest rate was oral rotavirus vaccine (0.13%). Other low coverage of category B vaccine which can not be replaced by category A vaccine are DTP-Hib vaccine(0.48%),PVC-7 vaccine(0.62%)andDTP-IPV/Hib vaccine(3.46%) .The difference of vaccination rate between the local children and the floating children was statistically significant. And the vaccination rate was statistically associated with birth place. Conclusion The coverage of the category B vaccine varies greatly. In order to raise the vaccination rate of Category B vaccine,We should step up efforts to the propaganda, Enhance the awareness of parents to vaccination.