母亲孕期抑郁情绪对儿童早期气质影响的研究

【目的】 探讨母亲孕期抑郁情绪对儿童早期气质的影响,为完善孕期保健服务项目提供理论依据。 【方法】 采用自评抑郁量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)对孕妇在孕32~34周时进行测试,采用中国4~8月婴儿气质量表(Chinese Infant Temperament Scale,CITS)以及自制的婴儿基本情况调查表,对孕妇所生的婴儿在6个月时进行气质评定和基本情况调查。按照母亲孕期是否存在抑郁情绪及程度将婴儿分组,比较不同组别婴儿在气质类型和气质维度方面的差异。 【结果】 母亲孕期有抑郁情绪组的婴儿中,麻烦型和发动缓慢型的比例明显偏高,且抑郁情绪程度越重比例越高(χ²=13.99、21.36,P均＜0.01),而无抑郁情绪组的婴儿中平易型的比例偏高(χ²=11.89,P＜0.01)。母亲孕期抑郁情绪对婴儿气质因子中的活动水平、趋避性、适应性、反应强度、心境和注意分散度的得分有影响,且与抑郁程度有关(P＜0.01或＜0.05)。 【结论】 母亲孕期抑郁情绪对儿童早期的气质类型和气质维度产生负面影响。

Effects of mothers' depression during pregnancy on early childhood temperament

【Objective】 To explore the effects of mothers`depression during pregnancy on early childhood temperament.【Methods】 By using Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),expectant mothers at their 32~34 weeks of pregnancy were surveyed,by using Chinese Infant Temperament Scale(CITS),and a self-made questionnaire of basic condition for infants,the expectant mothers’ infants at their 6 months were surveyed.【Results】 The ratios of difficult type and slow-to-warm type of temperament were found more in the infants of depressive mothers during pregnancy,and the higher ratio of the heavier degree of depression(χ2=13.99,21.36,P<0.01).The ratio of easy type of temperament was found more in the infants of mothers without depression during pregnancy(χ2=11.89,P<0.01).Depressed mood in expectant mothers was also related to the scores of activity level,approach-withdrawal,adaptability,intencity of reaction,mood and attention dispersity in their infants’ temperament(P<0.01 or <0.05).【Conclusion】 It seems that there are negative effects between mothers` depression during pregnancy and infant temperament type and temperament dimension.