2014-2018年贵州省黔南州5岁以下腹泻婴幼儿轮状病毒感染的流行病学特征分析

目的 了解2014-2018年贵州省黔南州5岁以下腹泻婴幼儿轮状病毒感染情况，为今后黔南州制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法 收集2014年1月-2018年12月黔南州病毒性腹泻监测哨点医院0~59月龄急性腹泻患儿粪便标本2857份。采用ELISA 方法检测轮状病毒抗原，阳性标本采用RT-PCR 法进行分型鉴定。用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 2857份标本轮状病毒抗原阳性率为阳性率为43.26%（1236/2857），男性阳性率为40.86%（700/1713）；女性为46.85%（536/1144）（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=10.023，P<0.01）。轮状病毒感染呈现明显的季节性分布，晚冬初春季检出率最高（68.65%）。轮状病毒抗原检测标本阳性前三位分别是三都县（26.46%）、都匀市（24.59%）和惠水县（23.14%）。轮状病毒感染主要集中在3～23月龄，占全部的89.81%，不同年龄组患儿轮状病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=44.325，P<0.01）。1 236份轮状病毒抗原阳性标本均以G9血清型为主，所占病例呈逐年上升趋势（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗趋势=32.174，P<0.01），P分型以P［8］为主，占72.19%。结论 2014-2018年贵州省黔南州急性腹泻婴幼儿轮状病毒感染率较高，应引起高度重视。晚冬初春季节为高发时间，3~23月龄婴幼儿为防控重点人群。

Epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus among diarrhea infants under 5 years old in Qiannan area of Guizhou, 2014-2018

e To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of rotavirus in diarrhea infants below 5 years old in Qiannan area of Guizhou province from 2014 to 2018，and to provide basis for making control measures and strategies for prevention. Methods 2 857 stool samples from diarrhea infants aged 0 － 59 months in viral diarrhea sentinel hospitals in Qiannan area of Guizhou province from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected. Rotavirus antigen was detected by ELISA，and the positive samples were genotyped by ＲT － PCＲ. SPSS 20. 0 software was used to analyze the infectious status and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus in diarrhea infants. Ｒesults The total positive rate of rotavirus antigen was 43. 26% ( 1 236 /2 857) . The rotavirus infection rates of males and females were 40. 86% ( 700 /1 713) and 46. 85% ( 536 /1144) ，with statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 10. 023，P ＜ 0. 01) . Rotavirus infection showed a clearly seasonal distribution，and the detection rate of rotavirus diarrhea was found to be the highest in late winter and early spring( 68. 65% ) . The top three positive spots for rotavirus antigen are in Sandu County( 26. 46% ) ，Duyun city ( 24. 59% ) and Huishui county( 23. 14% ) of Qiannan. Rotavirus infection mainly occurred in infants ranging in age from 0 to 59 months，and 89. 41% of the cases were infants aged 3 － 23 months. It tended to firstly increase then decrease with the increasing age. Therewere statistically significant differences in the positive rate of rotavirus antigen among infants from different age groups ( χ2 =44. 325，P ＜ 0. 01) . Among the 1236 samples positive for rotavirus antigen from 2014 to 2018，the predominant genotype was G9 and its proportion showed an increasing tendency year － by － year( χ2 trend = 32. 174，P ＜ 0. 01) . 72. 19% of the genotype was P［8］. Conclusion More attention should be paid for the prevalence rate is significantly higher in Qiannan area of Guizhou province from 2014 to 2018. The late winter and early spring are the peak season and infants aged from 3 to 23 months are the key population for prevention and control.