扩散峰度成像在中枢神经系统疾病的研究进展

磁共振扩散峰度成像(DKI)是扩散张量成像(DTI)技术的延伸，其优势是可以量化组织内水分子非高斯扩散的特性，能够较扩散加权成像、DTI技术提供更加真实、准确的组织微观结构信息。DKI在临床诊疗中主要应用于中枢神经系统疾病，早期、准确的诊断此类疾病，并及时的制定合理的治疗方案，可以更好的改善患者的预后。因此，DKI技术作为扩散加权成像、DTI技术的补充和延伸，通过定量分析水分子的非正态扩散特性，实现优势互补，对于中枢神经系统疾病的早期诊断和预后评估都具有重要意义。近年来，DKI在临床上应用越来越广泛，但在b值的优化选择，以及如何缩短扫描时间上还有待进一步研究。本文结合国内外研究现状，介绍了DKI的基本原理及相关参数，并对DKI在轻度脑损伤、急性脑梗死的早期诊断，脑退行性病变病情的监测评估，以及脑肿瘤的术前分级等方面进行综述。 

Research progress of diffusion kurtosis imaging in central nervous system diseases

Magnetic resonance diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an extension of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technology. It can quantify the non-Gaussian diffusion characteristics of water molecules in tissues, and provide more real and accurate tissue microstructure information than DWI and DTI. DKI is mainly used in clinical diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases. Early and accurate diagnosis of these diseases and timely formulation of a reasonable treatment plan can improve the prognosis of patients. Therefore, as a supplement and extension of DWI and DTI technology, DKI technology can achieve complementary advantages through quantitative analysis of the non-normal diffusion characteristics of water molecules, which is of great significance for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of central nervous system diseases. In recent years, DKI has more widely used in clinic, but the optimal selection of b value and how to shorten the scanning time need to be further studied. Combined with the current research, this paper introduces the basic principle and related parameters of DKI, summarizes the application of DKI in the early diagnosis of mild brain injury and acute cerebral infarction, the monitoring and evaluation of brain degenerative diseases, and the preoperative grading of brain tumors.