2006 - 2018年广州市市售水产品副溶血性弧菌监测结果分析

目的 了解2006 - 2018年广州市水产品副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)污染水平，为水产品VP监测工作提供依据。方法 在全市11个区的餐饮单位、批发市场、肉菜市场、超市、零售店和网店等场所分季节采集2 646份不同种类水产品样品开展VP检测。VP检出率采用卡方检验进行分析。结果 VP总体检出率为21.39%（566/2 646）。其中， 2015年VP检出率最高（70.00%），2008年VP检出率最低（3.23%）。不同种类、不同采样地点、不同加工售卖方式和不同季节VP检出率差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。淡水产品和海产品VP检出率差异有统计学意义，χ2 = 6.081，P = 0.048。甲壳类VP检出率最高，为30.68%；鱼类检出率最低， 3大类样品检出率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 25.693，P＜0.001）。肉菜市场VP检出率最高，为28.64%；其次为超市；零售店检出率最低。6个采样地点VP检出率差异之间有统计学意义（χ2 = 112.600，P＜0.001）。生鲜类VP检出率最高（28.01%），其次为生食类（11.85%），熟制类检出率最低（6.67%）。不同加工售卖方式VP检出率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 104.100，P＜0.001）。第3季度VP检出率最高，为25.20%；其次为第2季度；最低为第1、4季度。4个季度的检出率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 22.423，P＜0.001）。结论 广州市市售水产品存在较高的VP污染，水产品检出率有明显的样品种类、采样地点、加工售卖方式和季节差异，甲壳类、生鲜类水产品以及肉菜市场、第3季度检出率更高。提示应加强综合监管，针对消费者开展健康教育及食品安全风险预警。

Surveillance on the aquatic products for Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination level of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP) in the aquatic products in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2018. Methods The aquatic products were collected quarterly from caterings,wholesale markets, fishery markets, supermarkets, retail stores and online stores to detect VP in the 11 districts of Guangzhou. Chi-square test was used to test the significance of detection rates of VP. Results 566 samples were detected positive of VP from 2646 samples, with an overall positive rate of 21.39%. The detection rate of VP was highest in 2015(70.00%). The rate was lowest in 2008(3.23%). The detection rate was significantly different in different species, sampling positions, selling styles or seasons. There was significant difference in the detection rates of VP between freshwater products and marine products(χ2=6.081, P=0.048). The detection rate of VP(30.68%) was the highest in crustaceans, and the lowest in fash. There was significant difference in the detection rates of VP in three kinds of samples(χ2=25.693, P <0.001). The detection rate of VP(28.64%) was the highest in fishery markets, followed by supermarkets, and the lowest was in retail store.There was significant difference in the detection rates of VP among six sampling positions(χ2=112.600, P <0.001). The detection rate of VP(28.01%) was the highest in the fresh aquatic products, followed by the edible raw aquatic products, and the lowest was in the cooked aquatic products. There was significant difference in the detection rates of VP in different processing and selling styles(χ2=104.100, P<0.001). The detection rate of VP(25.20%) was the highest in the third quarter of a year, followed by the second quarter, and the lowest was in the first and fourth quarter. There was significant difference in the detection rates of VP in four quarters(χ2=22.423, P <0.001). Conclusion There was a high level of contamination in the aquatic products in Guangzhou. The detection rates were significantly different in different species, sampling positions,processing, selling styles or seasons. The rates were highest in crustaceans, fresh aquatic products, fishery markets, the third quarter of a year. The government should integrate management to prevent contamination and bacterial growth, and carry out health education and the early warning of food safety risk.