2018年陕西省感染性腹泻患者中分离沙门菌的病原学特征分析

目的 了解陕西省腹泻监测病例中沙门菌的血清型别及脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分子型别特点。方法 对2018年陕西省14家哨点医院的临床腹泻患者中分离到的沙门菌进行血清学分析，并用Xba I 酶切进行PFGE电泳分析其分子型别特征。结果 2294份病例标本中检出沙门菌101株，检出率4.4%。沙门菌腹泻病例的高发时间为8月和9月，感染人群以≤3 岁婴幼儿为主，101株沙门菌有9株血清型未定，其余92株可分为8 种血清型，其中血清型为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌检出最高，其次为肠炎沙门氏菌。101株沙门菌经XbaI 酶切，可分为71种PFGE 带型，每种带型包含1～10 株沙门菌，其中鼠伤寒沙门菌共产生42 种带型，肠炎沙门氏菌共产生6种带型。结论 陕西省临床腹泻患者沙门菌血清型和PFGE带型呈现多样性，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是陕西地区的优势菌。本研究建立了陕西沙门菌PFGE指纹图谱库，积累了沙门菌分子流行病学基线数据，为沙门菌引发疾病的处置和溯源提供了重要依据。

Pathogenic characteristics of Salmonella isolated from patients with infectious diarrhea in 2018, Shaanxi Province

To investigate the serotype and PFGE molecular characteristics of Salmonella in diarrhea cases in Shaanxi Province. Methods Serological analysis was performed on Salmonella isolated from clinical diarrhea patients in Shaanxi Province, and PFGE analysis was performed using Xba I enzyme digestion. Results 101 strains of Salmonella were detected in 2294 cases, and the detection rate was 4.4%. The high incidence of Salmonella diarrhea cases occurred in August and September, and the majority of the infected people were infants aged 3 years old or less. Except 9 of the 101 strains of Salmonella, the rest 92 strains could be divided into 8 serotypes, among which the serotype of Salmonella typhi was the highest, followed by Salmonella enteritis. 101 strains of Salmonella were digested by Xba I enzyme, and 71 types of PFGE were produced. Each type contained 1-10 strains of Salmonella, among which 42 types of Salmonella typhoid and 6 types of Salmonella enteritis were produced. Conclusion The serotypes and PFGE bands of Salmonella have diversity in clinical diarrhea patients in Shaanxi Province. Salmonella typhimurium is the dominant bacterium in Shaanxi Province. This study establish the PFGE fingerprint database of Salmonella Shaanxi and accumulate the baseline data of Salmonella molecular epidemiology, which provides an important basis for the disposal and tracing of Salmonella diseases.