2016 - 2019年南京市农村家庭环境卫生健康危险因素调查

目的 通过对南京市农村居民家庭环境卫生状况的调查，了解南京市农村居民家庭环境卫生状况，为进一步提高农村居民家庭环境卫生水平服务。方法 按照地理、经济情况等分层和随机抽样的方法每年选取南京市浦口区和高淳区2个监测区200户家庭和每个家庭1名居民进行家庭环境卫生现场问卷调查。结果 2016 - 2019年800户调查户均为集中式供水，调查对象饭前便后洗手习惯具有统计学差异（χ2 = 39.288， P＜0.001），且与文化程度成正相关（r = 0.111, P = 0.002）。粪便的处理主要进入排水系统（77.50%，620/800），污水排放以管道排放为主（78.38%，627/800），其次为暗沟（21.62%，173/800）。11.13%（89/800）的家庭厨房内发现鼠迹，35.00%（280/800）的家庭厨房内发现苍蝇。结论 南京市农村居民家庭已实现集中式供水，应进一步规范生活污水排放，改善农村居民卫生习惯和加强病媒生物防治。

Investigation on the risk factors of home environmental health in rural areas of Nanjing between 2016 and 2019

To investigating the environmental health of rural residents of Nanjing by random sampling, andevaluate the environmental sanitation status to promote rural environmental sanitation construction. Methods According togeography and economy circumstance, 200 rural families and 1 rural resident per family of Gaochun district and Pukoudistrict were selected as monitoring sites by stratified sampling and random sampling, and information was collected by fieldquestionnaire survey. Results 800 families were centralized water supply from 2016 to 2019. A significant statisticaldifference in washing hands before handling food and after using the toilet was found among survey respondents (χ2=39.288, P<0.001), and a positive correlation between the increase education and hand washing rate (r=0.111, P=0.002). Excrement of 77.50%(620/800) households were disposed of by sewerage system. The domestic sewage was mainly discharged by sewage pipe andspray drain, which accounted for 78.38% (627/800) and 21.26% (173/800), respectively. 11.13% (89/800) percent of the kitchenshad rat trails, and 35.00% (280/800) had flies. Conclusion The rural residents of Nanjing were all accessible to centralized watersupply. Some effective measures are needed to normalize domestic sewage discharging, improve good healthy habits andprevent medical vectors breeding