贵阳市2015-2019年农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查情况分析

目的 了解贵阳市2015-2019年农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌（简称“两癌”）筛查状况，为“两癌”的筛查模式和防治对策提供科学依据。 方法 提取妇幼重大公共卫生项目信息直报系统数据，对贵阳市2015-2019年“两癌”筛查数据进行分析。 结果 2015-2019年贵阳市接受宫颈癌筛查的妇女共计240 074例，分别检出CIN1、CIN2和CIN3、宫颈癌为343例、398例和55例，检出率分别为142.87/10万、165.78/10万和22.91/10万。各年份仅CIN1的检出率差异有统计学意义（x2=25.664， P ＜0.001）；接受乳腺癌筛查的妇女共15 791例，检出乳腺癌9例，检出率为56.99/10万，各年份检出率无统计学差异（x2=2.897， P =0.575）。 结论 贵阳市宫颈癌和乳腺癌检出率水平总体较高，一方面应继续鼓励更多的农村妇女参与“两癌”筛查，知晓筛查的重要性；另一方面要加强对农村妇女的健康宣教，提高对“两癌”防治知识的知晓率,做到“三早”预防以降低“两癌”的发病率和死亡率，保护妇女健康。

Screening results of cervical cancer and breast cancer among rural women in Guiyang City, 2015-2019

To understand the screening status of cervical cancer and breast cancer among rural women in Guiyang from 2015 to 2019 and provide scientific basis for the screening mode and prevention countermeasures of cervical cancer and breast cancer. Methods We extracted the data from the direct reporting system for major public health projects of women and children and analyzed the screening data of cervical cancer and breast cancer in Guiyang from 2015 to 2019. Results A total of 240 074 cases underwent cervical cancer screening,while 343 women were diagnosed as CIN1,398 women were diagnosed as CIN2 and CIN3,and 55 women were diagnosed as cervical cancer. The detection rates were respectively 142. 87/100 000,165. 78/100 000 and 22. 91/100 000. There was a statistically significant difference in detection rate of CIN1 in each year( χ2= 25. 664,P < 0. 001). A total of 15 791 women underwent breast cancer screening,and 9 cases were diagnosed,with a detection rate of 56. 99/100 000. There was no statistically significant difference in detection rate of breast cancer among different years( χ2= 2. 897,P = 0. 575). Conclusion The detection rates of cervical cancer and breast cancer in Guiyang are high. On the one hand,it is necessary to encourage more rural women to participate in screening of cervical cancer and breast cancer,and let them know the importance of that. On the other hand,education on the prevention and control of cervical cancer and breast cancer should be further strengthened to increase the awareness rate of these two cancers in rural women,and to achieve the secondary prevention( early discovery,early diagnosis,early treatment),reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of cervical cancer and breast cancer,and protect the health of women.