天津市高水碘地区改水后学龄前儿童碘营养现状调查

目的:了解天津市改水后高水碘地区部分学龄前儿童的碘营养现状。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法，抽取天津市静海县高水碘改水后的西翟庄乡两所幼儿园的107名3～6岁的学龄前儿童作为研究对象，测量学龄前儿童身高、体质量，采集学龄前儿童随机尿样本、家庭食用盐、饮用水样本及幼儿园食盐、饮用水样本。根据学龄前儿童身高和体质量进行Z评分评估，测量尿碘、盐碘及水碘浓度。结果:根据Z评分结果，107名学龄前儿童中有101名调查对象生长发育正常，有3名学龄前儿童可判定为消瘦，3名学龄前儿童判定为肥胖。当地水碘浓度范围为51.2～72.4 μg/L，家庭食用盐碘含量范围为20.3～39.9 mg/kg。107名学龄前儿童中有28户食用非加碘食盐，碘盐覆盖率为73.8%。调查的学龄前儿童总体尿碘中位数为192 μg/L，其中UIC＜100 μg/L的学龄前儿童占调查人数的17.8%，UIC＞300 μg/L的学龄前儿童占调查人数的16.8%。经Spearman秩相关分析，盐碘浓度与学龄前儿童的尿碘水平有一定的相关性（r =0.714，P＜0.05）。结论:改水后的高水碘地区学龄前儿童总体碘营养水平适宜，应该对改水后的高水碘地区继续加强健康宣教，指导科学补碘，以保障学龄前儿童适宜的碘营养水平。

Investigation on iodine nutritional status in preschool children after water reform in high water iodine areas of Tianjin

Objective: To investigate iodine nutritional status in preschool children after water reform in high water iodine areas of Tianjin. Methods: A total of 107 preschool children aged 3-6 years in two kindergartens in Xizhaizhuang township of Jinghai country of Tianjin province were selected as subjects by random cluster sampling method. We measured the height and weight of each preschool children, collected spot urine samples of each subject, collected salt samples and drinking water samples from each subject’s households and kindergartens, respectively. Z-score assessment was performed according to the height and weight of preschool children, and we also measured the iodine concentration in urine, salt and drinking water. Results: According to the Z-score results, 101 of the 107 preschool children were normal growth and development, 3 preschool children were judged to be thin and 3 preschool children were judged to be obesity. The local water iodine concentration ranged from 51.2 to 72.3 μg/L, and the iodized salt iodine concentration of households ranged from 20.3 to 39.9 mg/kg. Among the 107 preschool children, 28 households consumed non-iodized salt, and the iodized salt coverage rate was 73.8%. The median urinary iodine was 192 μg/L, UIC＜100 μg/L of subjects which accounting for 17.8% and UIC>300 μg/L of subjects which accounting for 16.8%. According to Spearman rank correlation analysis, salt iodine concentration was correlated with urinary iodine levels in preschool children (r =0.714, P＜0.05). Conclusion: Preschool children who live in water reform in high water iodine area are in a state of adequate iodine nutrition. We should continue to strengthen health education in areas of high water iodine after water reform and guide scientific iodine supplementation, which ensure the appropriate iodine nutrition level of preschool children.