2013-2018年贵州省肺结核发病人群特征分析

目的 分析贵州省2013-2018年不同人群的肺结核发病情况和构成比变化,探究其原因,为重点人群的防控提供依据。方法 用描述性统计学方法,调查分析贵州省2013-2018年不同性别、职业、年龄段和地区的人群肺结核发病特征,采用趋势卡方检验分析发病率及构成比变化趋势。结果 贵州省2013-2018年的报告发病率从134.28/10万下降到114.06/10万（趋势x2=630.966,P<0.001）,男女发病比例为1.88[DK]∶1,性别构成比变化差异无统计学意义（趋势x2=2.483,P=0.115）;肺结核发病数和构成比有上升趋势的职业是学生（趋势x2=1092.775,P<0.001）、家务及待业（趋势x2=338.114,P<0.00）、干部职工（趋势x2=19.415,P<0.001）、商业服务（趋势x2=6.633,P=0.009）;肺结核发病年龄构成比有上升趋势的是15~24岁（趋势x2=215.931,P<0.001）、50~54岁（趋势x2=487.589,P<0.001）、65~79岁（趋势x2=40.325,P<0.001）;肺结核发病构成比有上升趋势的地区是六盘水市（趋势x2=4.566, P=0.033）、安顺市（趋势x2=27.579,P<0.001）、毕节市（趋势x2=81.055, P<0.001）。学生发病趋势上升的原因是新生入学体检、主动筛查措施的落实。结论 贵州省近六年的肺结核疫情总体下降明显,但一些职业、年龄段和地区人群需要引起注意,建议加强高危的医务人员院内感染控制措施,适当加大对商业服务、干部职工和65~79岁人群的主动筛查力度,制定并落实相关健康体检的政策。

Characteristics of tuberculosis patients in Guizhou, 2013-2018

Objective To analyze the changes of incidence and constituent ratio of tuberculosis among different populations in Guizhou Province from 2013 to 2018, and to provide evidence for prevention and control in key populations. Methods Descriptive statistical method was used to investigate and analyze the characteristics of tuberculosis incidence among people of different genders, occupations, ages and regions in Guizhou from 2013 to 2018.The trend chi-square test was used to analyze the trend of incidence and constituent ratio. Results From 2013 to 2018, the reported incidence of Guizhou decreased from 134.28/10lakh to 114.06/10lakh (trend x2=630.966, p<0.001). The incidence ratio of male and female was 1.88:1, and there was no statistically significant difference in the change of gender composition ratio (trend x2=2.483, P=0.115). The occupations with increasing incidence and composition ratio of tuberculosis were students (trend x2=1092.775, P<0.001), housework and unemployment (trend x2=338.114, P<0.00), cadres and workers (trend x2=19.415, P<0.001), and business services (trend x2=6.633, P=0.009).The age composition of the incidence of tuberculosis showed an increasing trend among the patients aged 15-24 (trend x2=215.931, P<0.001), 50-54 (trend x2=487.589, P<0.001) and 65-79 (trend x2=40.325, P<0.001). The areas composition of the incidence of tuberculosis showed an increasing trend were Liupanshui city (trend x2=4.566, P=0.033), Anshun city (trend x2=27.579, P<0.001) and Bijie city (trend x2=81.055, P<0.001). The reason of the rising trend of student morbidity were the implementations of physical examination for enrollment and active screening measures. Conclusion In nearly six years, Guizhou tuberculosis epidemic overall decline is obvious, but some occupations, ages and areas need to be noticed. It is suggested to strengthen nosocomial infection control measures for high-risk medical personnel, appropriately step up active screening of business services, cadres and workers, and people aged 65 to 79, and formulate and implement policies on health examinations.