CT和MRI多序列评估脑外伤患者病情

目的分析CT和MRI多序列评估脑外伤患者病况的价值。方法连续收集2018年2月~2020年4月本院收治的脑外伤患者70例的临床资料，所有入院后的患者均进行CT和磁共振T1WI、T2WI、液体衰减翻转翻转恢复序列（FLAIR）、弥散加权成像（DWI）、增强梯度回波T2*加权血管成像（ESWAN）序列扫描检查，记录病灶的位置、数目、形态等，并与手术病理学诊断结果进行对比，分析两种诊断方式对病情的评估价值；于伤后3月进行随访，记录患者有无神经症状，并进行格拉斯哥预后评分，采用Spearman相关进行比较分析。结果60例脑外伤患者中手术诊断硬膜下血肿42例，蛛网膜下腔出血21例，硬膜外血肿17例，脑挫伤23例。MRI在硬膜下血肿、脑挫伤、蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断率高于CT检查（P < 0.05），两种检查方式在硬膜外血肿检查准确率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；60例患者微出血病灶MRI多序列检查中ESWAN检查数目最多，其后依次是FLAIR序列、DWI序列、T2WI序列、T1WI序列，CT与T2WI序列检出数目差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。微出血灶主要分布在额叶、颞枕顶叶、胼胝体、基底节、丘脑、脑干等区域，ESWAN序列检出出血病灶的总体积为288 557 mm3，以颞枕顶叶白质体积最大为63 153 mm3；60例脑外伤患者ESWAN序列发现出血性病灶数目、体积与患者入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分之间经Spearman相关检验均存在明显负相关（r=-0.753, P < 0.01；r=-0.736，P < 0.01），伤后3月的格拉斯哥预后评分与ESWAN序列发现出血性病灶数目、体积负相关（r=-0.648, P < 0.01；r=-0.612，P < 0.01）。结论与CT检查相比，MRI多序列联合检查在脑外伤患者硬膜下血肿、脑挫伤、蛛网膜下腔出血诊断准确率更高，且ESWAN序列在出血性病灶的数目、体积检出方面更有优势，对患者病情及远期预后有重要参考价值。 

Value of CT and MRI multiple sequences in condition assessment of patients with traumatic brain injury

ObjectiveTo analyze the value of CT and MRI multiple sequences in evaluating the condition of patients with traumatic brain injury.MethodsThe clinical data of 70 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted and treated in the hospital were collected from February 2018 to April 2020. All patients were undergone with CT, magnetic resonance T1WI, T2WI, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and enhanced gradient echo T2- star weighted angiography (ESWAN) sequence scanning. Location, number and shape of the lesion were recorded. Compared with the results of surgical pathology, the evaluation value of the two diagnostic methods was analyzed. The patients were followed up 3 months after injury, and the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) was recorded. Spearman correlation was used for comparative analysis.ResultsAmong the 60 patients with traumatic brain injury, 42 cases were diagnosed as subdural hematoma, 21 cases as subarachnoid hemorrhage, 17 cases as epidural hematoma and 23 cases as brain contusion. The diagnostic rates of subdural hematoma, brain contusion and subarachnoid hemorrhage by MRI were higher than those by CT (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the accuracy between the two methods in diagnosis of epidural hematoma (P>0.05). For microbleeds in the 60 patients detected by MRI multiple sequences, the number detected by ESWAN was the largest, followed by FLAIR sequence, DWI sequence, T2WI sequence and T1WI sequence. There was no significant difference in the number between CT and T2WI sequence (P>0.05). Microbleeds were mainly distributed in the frontal lobe, temporooccipital parietal lobe, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, thalamus and brainstem. The total volume of bleeding detected by ESWAN sequence was 288 557 mm3 with the largest volume of 63153 mm3 in the white matter of temporal occipito parietal lobe. Spearman correlation test showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the number and volume of hemorrhagic foci found by ESWAN sequence and the GCS score at admission (r=-0.753, P < 0.01; r=-0.736, P < 0.01). The GOS score at 3 months after injury was negatively correlated with the number and volume of hemorrhagic foci found by ESWAN sequence (r=-0.648, P < 0.01; r=-0.612, P < 0.01).ConclusionCompared with CT, MRI multiple sequences combined examination is more accurate in the diagnosis of subdural hematoma, brain contusion and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with traumatic brain injury. Besides, ESWAN sequence has more advantages in detecting the number and volume of hemorrhagic foci, which has important reference value for patients' condition and long-term prognosis evaluation.