2018年吉林省新生儿低出生体重发生率及影响因素分析

目的 了解吉林省2018年新生儿低出生体重发生率，分析其影响因素，为政府制定妇幼健康工作政策和规划提供可靠依据。 方法 采用横断面调查方法，利用以医院为基础的监测系统，选取全省13家监测医院2018年妊娠满28周分娩的所有活产儿作为研究对象，进行不同特征新生儿低出生体重发生率及其危险因素的估计，应用多因素logistic回归分析新生儿低出生体重的影响因素。 结果 本研究共纳入活产儿37 845例，低出生体重发生率为4.3%。多因素logistic回归分析显示，母亲年龄＜25岁（ OR =1.601）、孕次为2次（ OR =1.244）、分娩医院为三级（ OR =2.095）、早产（ OR =51.610）、双胎及以上（ OR =6.090）、有合并症或并发症（ OR =1.599）、妊娠期高血压疾病（ OR =3.493）、羊水异常（ OR =1.884）、胎盘早剥（ OR =2.172）是新生儿发生低出生体重的危险因素；母亲受教育程度为初中（ OR =0.168）、高中/中专（ OR =0.124）、大学或以上（ OR =0.156）、糖尿病（ OR =0.637）和贫血（ OR =0.576）是新生儿发生低出生体重的保护因素。 结论 应识别重点地区、高危人群，有针对性地开展防治工作，切实降低新生儿低出生体重发生率。

Incidence and influencing factors of the low birth weight newborn in Jilin, 2018

To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of the low birth weight in Jilin Province in 2018, which are able to provide reliable and comprehensive evidence for the government to formulate the work policy and plan of maternal and child health. Methods Using the cross-sectional survey method through a hospital-based monitoring system, all live births with gestation of 28 weeks or more in 13 monitoring hospitals from Jilin Province in 2018 were selected as the study subjects. To estimate the incidence and risk factors of the low birth weight newborn with different characteristics, multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of the low birth weight. Results A total of 37 845 live births were included in this study. The incidence of the low birth weight was 4.3%. The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age under 25 years old(OR=1.601), pregnanted twice(OR=1.244), delivery in third grade hospital(OR=2.095), premature delivery(OR=51.610), twins and above(OR=6.090), comorbidities or complications(OR=1.599), hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy(OR=3.493), abnormal amniotic fluid(OR=1.884) and placental abruption(OR=2.172) were risk factors for low birth weight. The mother’s education level was a protective factor for low birth weigh, which were divided into junior high school(OR=0.168), high School(OR=0.124), university and above(OR=0.156). Diabetes(OR=0.637) and anemia(OR=0.576) were also protective factors. Conclusion It is necessary to identify key areas and high-risk groups, and to carry out prevention and treatment purposefully and reduce the incidence of low birth weight effectively.