2018年陕西省农村校园环境卫生现状调查

目的调查分析陕西省2018年农村学校环境卫生基本情况,了解陕西省不同地区学校环境卫生存在的主要问题,为政府制定农村环境卫生措施提供工作依据。方法在全省各地市按比例分层随机选取高中及以下农村学校254所,制定农村校园环境卫生调查表收集调查数据,并按照关中、陕南、陕北分区域就供水情况和厕所情况进行统计推断分析。结果陕西省农村学校学生饮水方式以学校提供开水(133/254)和桶装水或净水器水(113/254)为主;农村学校供水方式以村镇水厂(139/254)和学校自备集中式供水(68/254)为主。关中农村学校独立式公厕和独立式卫生公厕均数(3.54±0.41;2.75±0.43)高于陕南(1.50±0.18;1.21±0.19)和陕北(2.15±0.27;0.69±0.24),差异有统计学意义(F=10.590,P<0.001和F=8.595,P<0.001);陕南农村学校的平均蹲位比(男厕9.60,女厕7.63)高于陕北(男厕7.00,女厕6.18)和关中(男厕6.97,女厕5.84);陕西省男厕蹲位合格率(97.24%)高于女厕(81.89%),差异有统计学意义(χ

Survey on the status of environmental sanitation in rural campuses of Shaanxi Province in 2018

To investigate and analyze the basic situation of environmental sanitation in rural schools in Shaanxi Province in 2018, to understand the main problems of environmental sanitation in schools in different regions, and to provide a basis for the government to formulate rural environmental sanitation measures. Methods Randomly select 254 high schools and below in rural schools. The survey data were collected by the questionnaire of rural campus environmental health, and the statistical inference analysis was carried out according to the water supply and toilet in Guanzhong, southern Shaanxi and northern Shaanxi. Results The drinking water of rural school students in Shaanxi Province is provided by drinking schools to provide boiling water(133/254) and barrels. Water or water purifier water(113/254) is the main type; rural schools provide water supply methods mainly by village and town water plants(139/254) and school-provided centralized water supply(68/254). Independent public toilets and the number of free-standing public toilets(3.54±0.41; 2.75±0.43) is higher than that in southern(1.50±0.18; 1.21±0.19) and northern Shaanxi(2.15 ±0.27; 0.69±0.24), the difference is statistically significant(F=10.590, P<0.001 and F=8.595, P<0.001); the average squat ratio in southern Shaanxi(men 9.60, women 7.63) is higher than Northern Shaanxi(men 7.00, women 6.18) and Guanzhong areas(men 6.97, women 5.84); the pass rate of men’s toilets(97.24%)in Shaanxi Province is higher than that of women’s toilets(81.89%), the difference is statistically significant(χ2= 32.041, P<0.001); toilets in Shaanxi Province have the highest management in Guanzhong area and students participate in management the lowest(65.79%, 34.21%). The comparative differences in southern Shaanxi(47.83%, 52.17%) are statistically significant(χ2=7.632, P=0.022). Conclusion Further strengthen the investment in facilities reform for rural schools in Shaanxi Province,strengthen targeted drinking water safety education. Appropriately increase the number of toilets in northern and southern Shaanxi and strengthen the management. Increase the number of squatting toilets in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong areas and appropriately increase the number of squatting toilets for women in Shaanxi Province.