温州地区住院儿童下呼吸道腺病毒感染的流行特征及与气象因素的相关性

目的：研究温州地区住院儿童下呼吸道腺病毒（HAdV）感染的流行病学特点及与气象因素的相关性。方法：回顾性分析2008年1月至2017年12月因急性下呼吸道感染在温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院住院儿童的呼吸道病毒抗原检测数据，分析呼吸道HAdV感染的流行特征；同时提取2008年1月至2017年12月温州地区气象资料，包括每旬平均气温、平均湿度、总降雨量、降雨天数、平均风速。采用广义相加模型（GAM）进行单因素和多因素回归分析HAdV流行与气候因素的相关性。结果：2008年1月至2017年12月进行呼吸道病毒抗原检测的鼻咽吸取物和痰液标本89 898份，HAdV阳性1 974例（2.2%），其中＜1岁339例；1～3岁615例；3～5岁597例；5～18岁423例。儿童HAdV感染检出例数和检出率都是5～7月达到峰值。基于GAM模型分析发现：气温越高，HAdV检出率越高（P=0.015）。而风速越低，检出率越高。随风速增高，检出率降低的幅度逐渐减小（P=0.003）。结论：温州地区下呼吸道感染住院儿童HAdV感染高峰季节在春末、夏初。气温和风速是影响下呼吸道HAdV感染的主要气象因素。

Epidemiological characteristics of human adenovirus in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infection and its correlation with meteorological factors in Wenzhou

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in lower respiratory tract among hospitalized children in Wenzhou and its correlation with meteorological factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on respiratory virus antigen detection data of children admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between Jan 2008 and Dec 2017 due to acute lower respiratory tract infection, and the epidemiological characteristics of HAdV infection were analyzed. Meanwhile, meteorological data of Wenzhou from Jan 2008 to Dec 2017 were collected, including average temperature per ten-day period, average humidity, total rainfall, rainfall days and average wind speed. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to conduct univariate and multivariate regression analyses to explore the correlation between HAdV prevalence and meteorological factors. Results: Of 89 898 nasopharyngeal aspirates and/or sputum specimens tested for respiratory virus antigen between Jan 2008 and Dec 2017, a total of 1 974 (2.2%) cases tested positive for HAdV infection, of which 339 cases were <1 year old, 615 cases were 1-3 years old, 597 cases were 3-5 years old, and 423 cases were aged 5-18 years. The number and rate of HAdV detection in children peaked between May and July. Based on GAM moder, HAdV detection rate increased with the temperature getting higher (P=0.015) and the wind speed getting slower (P=0.003). With the increase of wind speed, the decline scale of detection rate reduced gradually. Conclusion: HAdV infection peaked in late spring and early summer among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infection in Wenzhou. Temperature and wind speed are the main meteorological factors related to the prevalence of HAdV.