2014-2018年兰州市婚前医学检查情况分析

目的 了解兰州市目前婚前医学检查（简称“婚检”）情况，为提高出生人口素质和促进优生优育制定有效可行的措施提供参考依据。方法 收集2014-2018年兰州市所有参加婚检的男女青年《婚前医学检查报表》进行回顾性分析。结果 兰州市2014-2018年婚检率为30.45%，总体呈下降趋势，其中市区为11.13%，县城为72.69%，县城高于市区（P<0.05）。婚检疾病检出率为4.60%，总体呈下降趋势，其中男性为5.27%，女性为3.92%，男性高于女性（P<0.05）；市区为10.24%，县城为2.71%，市区高于县城（P<0.05）。疾病类型检出顺位为生殖系统疾病、指定传染病、内科系统疾病、严重遗传病、精神病，其中生殖系统疾病、指定传染病及内科系统疾病检出比例占疾病总检出的99.31%，生殖系统疾病、内科系统疾病的检出率均为男性高于女性（P<0.05）。结论 兰州市2014-2018年婚检率总体呈下降趋势，应针对性地加强婚检宣传教育，在政府的统筹领导下，卫生健康委与民政部门等多部门合作，创建“一站式”服务模式，提高婚检率，提升出生人口素质。

Premarital medical examination in Lanzhou, 2014-2018

To analyze the current premarital medical examination in Lanzhou，so as to provide references for improving the quality of birth population and promoting effective and feasible measures for prenatal and postnatal care.Methods A retrospective analysis of premarital medical examination reports for young men and women who participated in the marriage examination in Lanzhou from 2014 to 2018 was conducted. Ｒesults The rate of marriage examination in Lanzhou was 30. 45% from 2014 to 2018，which showed a downward trend. The marriage examination rate of the urban and county was 11. 13% ，72. 69% ，respectively，and the county area was higher than the urban ( P ＜ 0. 05) . The detection rate of marriage examination diseases was 4. 60% ，which showed a general downward trend. The disease detection rate of male and female was 5. 27% ，3. 92% ，respectively，and male was higher than female ( P ＜ 0. 05) . The disease detection rate of urban and county was 10. 24% ，2. 71% ，respectively，and the urban was higher than the county ( P ＜ 0. 05) . The disease type detection order were reproductive system diseases，designated infectious diseases，medical system diseases，serious genetic diseases and mental diseases. Among them，reproductive system diseases，designated infectious diseases and medical system diseases accounted for 99. 31% of the total detected diseases. The detection rates of reproductive system diseases and medical system diseases were higher in males than that in females ( P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion The overall rate of premarital examination is declining in Lanzhou from 2014 to 2018. The publicity and education should be strengthened in a targeted manner. Under the overall leadership of the government，the National Health Commission should cooperate with the Civil Affairs Departments and other departments to create a“one － stop”service model to improve the rate of premarital examination and the quality of the birth population.