2016-2018年陕西省农田土壤蛔虫卵污染结果分析

目的 了解陕西省农田土壤蛔虫卵污染状况，为有关部门制订寄生虫病防治措施、改善农村环境卫生工作规划提供依据。方法 根据国家农村环境卫生监测方案要求，2016-2018年每年在监测点村边农田采集5~20 cm深表层土壤600份，用饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检测蛔虫卵。结果 1 800份土壤样品蛔虫卵和活卵检出率分别是23.33%，11.33%；砂土、壤土、粘土蛔虫卵检出率分别为27.62%、21.34%、30.20%，活卵检出率分别为17.13%、8.61%、20.79%；干、潮、湿、重潮土壤蛔虫卵检出率分别为27.98%、22.40%、23.70%、11.54%，活卵检出率分别为15.24%、10.14%、12.80%、5.77%，极潮土壤蛔虫卵和活卵均未检出；关中平原、秦巴山区、陕北高原土壤蛔虫卵检出率分别为24.44%、23.75%、19.71%，活卵检出率分别为10.22%、13.93%、10.00%；4组卫生厕所使用户占比范围监测点土壤蛔虫卵检出率分别为22.22%、24.69%、18.83%、28.66%，活卵检出率分别为10.71%、13.99%、9.42%、12.54%。结论 陕西省部分农田土壤受到蛔虫卵污染，建议加大改厕知识宣传力度，确保粪便经无害化处理后施肥，控制土壤蛔虫卵污染，引导居民形成良好的生活习惯，减少人群蛔虫感染率。

Ascaris eggs contamination situation in the farmland soil of Shaanxi, 2016-2018

To understand the situation of soil ascaris eggs pollution in Shaanxi Province, and to provide the basis for the relevant departments to formulate measures to prevent and control parasitic diseases and improve rural environmental sanitation. Methods In accordance with the requirements of the National rural environmental sanitation monitoring program, 600 samples of 5-20 cm deep surface soil were collected annually from 2016 to 2018 on the farm side of the monitoring site, and ascaris eggs were detected by saturated sodium nitrate flotation. Results The detection rates of ascaris eggs and live eggs in 1,800 soil samples were 23.33% and 11.33% respectively. The detection rates of sand, loam, and clay ascaris were 27.62%, 21.34%, and 30.20%, respectively. The detection rates of live eggs were 17.13%, 8.61%, and 20.79%, respectively. The egg detection rates of dry, tidal, wet and heavy tidal soils were 27.98%, 22.40%, 23.70%, and 11.54%, respectively. The active egg detection rates were 15.24%, 10.14%, 12.80%, and 5.77%, respectively. The extremely tidal soil ascaris eggs and living eggs were not detected. The detection rates of ascaris eggs in the soil of central, southern, and northern regions of Shaanxi Province were 24.44%, 23.75%, and 19.71%, respectively. The detection rates of live eggs were 10.22%, 13.93%, and 10.00% respectively. The detection rates of soil ascaris eggs in the 4 groups of percentage range of sanitary toilets users were 22.22%, 24.69%, 18.83%, and 28.66%, respectively. The detection rates of live eggs were 10.71%, 13.99%, 9.42%, and 12.54%, respectively. Conclusion Part of farmland soil in Shaanxi Province is contaminated with ascaris eggs. It is recommended to increase the propaganda of the knowledge of toilets modification, ensure faeces are fertilized after harmless treatment to control soil ascaris egg pollution, guide residents to form good living habits to reduce the ascaris infection rate of the population.