2019年陕西省农村环境卫生及居民相关行为方式调查

目的 了解现阶段陕西省农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平，为有关部门制订政策和措施提供依据。 方法 在全省各设区市分层随机选取30个涉农区县中的600个行政村作为调查村，每村随机选5户作为调查户， 通过査阅资料、访谈、现场观察等方法获得监测数据。 结果 600个调查村中，70.71%村内垃圾通过转运系统集中处理，22.33%对生活污水进行处理，97.50%有保洁员，89.17%有环境卫生管理制度，83.67%做过环境卫生规划，91.33%开展了环境卫生宣传教育，96.00%有环境卫生经费，22.83%开展了“灭四害”工作。3 000调查户中，88.07%从不在田里焚烧秸秆，26.40%使用农膜，农膜废弃物以焚烧为主，54.87%使用农药，农药储存以存放在杂屋内为主，废弃包装处置方法以扔在田边或垃圾堆为主，88.23%房屋周围有病媒生物孳生地，有厨房的家庭中，厨房发现蟑迹的占4.83%，发现鼠迹的占24.44%，发现苍蝇的占67.29%，有积水容器的家庭中38.46%发现蚊虫幼虫。 结论 2019年陕西省农村环境卫生管理情况较好，但生活污水处理率较低，病媒生物控制工作开展较少，农膜废弃物、农药废弃包装处理及农药储存不规范，仍有很大提升空间。

Investigation of the rural environmental hygiene and related behavior of residents of Shaanxi, 2019

To understand the current level of environmental health hazards in rural areas of Shaanxi province, and to provide evidence for relevant departments to formulate policies and measures. Methods 600 administrative villages in 30 agricultural counties were randomly selected as survey villages,and 5 households were randomly selected in each village. Monitoring data was obtained through methods such as data review, interviews, and on-site observations. Results In the 600 surveyed villages, 70.71% villages centrally processed the garbage through the transfer system, 22.33% treated the domestic sewage, 97.50% had cleaners, 89.17% had environmental sanitation management system, 83.67% had done environmental sanitation planning, and 91.33% carried out environmental health publicity and education, 96.00% had environmental health funds, 22.83% carried out the work of killing the four pests. In the 3 000 households surveyed, 88.07% never burned straw in the field, 26.40% used agricultural film, and the agricultural film waste was mainly incinerated. 54.87% used pesticides, and pesticide storage was mainly stored in miscellaneous houses, and waste packaging disposal methods were mainly thrown in the fields or garbage dumps. 88.23% of the households had vector breeding grounds. Among the households with kitchens, 4.83% were found cockroaches in the kitchen, 24.44% were found rat tracks, and 67.29% were found flies. Mosquito larvae were found in 38.46% of households with stagnant water containers. Conclusion In 2019, the environmental sanitation management in villages in Shaanxi province is fine, but the domestic sewage treatment rate is low, and the vector biological control work was carried out less. Agricultural film waste and pesticide waste packaging treatment and pesticide storage are not standardized, and there is still much room for improvement.