2016 - 2018年青海省黄南州流感流行特征分析

目的 分析青海省黄南州2016 - 2018年流感流行特征，为流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法 收集2016 - 2018年黄南州流感监测哨点医院报告流感样病例（ILI）数据进行流行病学分析。结果 2016 - 2018年黄南州共报告ILI病例2 484例，平均就诊率为2.65%，高峰期在每年的冬春季节。0～4岁年龄段病例占多数（75.93%），各年龄组ILI就诊率差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。2016 - 2018年共送检ILI咽拭子2 103份，检出病毒核酸阳性226份，阳性检出率为10.75%。阳性率高峰期从12月到次年3月份，1月份阳性检出率最高为（30.91%）。检出最多是H3N2亚型（37.61%）。ILI检出率与流感检测阳性率之间呈正相关的关系(r = 0.820，P = 0.001)。结论 黄南州流感流行高峰期在冬春季节，病毒优势亚型是甲型H3N2。学龄前儿童和在校学生是流感高发人群。要继续做好流感监测工作，积极推广流感疫苗接种工作。

Epidemiological analysis of surveillance for influenza in Huangnan prefecture in Qinghai between 2016 and 2018

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of influenza in Huangnan prefecture in Qinghai province from 2016 to 2018 for providing a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control. Methods This data of cases with influenza-like illness (ILl) were analyzed in Huangnan influenza sentinel surveillance hospital from 2016 to 2018. Results A total of 2484 cases ILl were reported from 2016-2018 in Huangnan, with the average annual consultation rate of influenza like illness (ILl%) being 2.65%, and the 1Ll% peaked in winter and spring. The mainly age group was 0-4 years old (75.93%). the 1Ll% in differences age groups were statistically significant (P<0.001). A total of 2103 samples throat swab were collected and detected, from which 226 samples were positive with positive rate of 10.75%. The positive rate of influenza detection was high level from December to April, and the highest rate was in January (30.91 %). The highest proportion of subtypes of influenza virus was A (H3N2) (37.61 %). There were positive correlations both 1Ll% and positive rate of influenza (r=0.820, P =0.001). Conclusion The epidemical peak of influenza was in winter and spring, and A (H3N2) subtype was the predominant strain in Huangnan. The preschool children and school students were the high-risk population for influenza,should continue to strengthen surveillance of influenza viruses and to actively promote influenza vaccination.